Melarsomine dihydrochloride as treatment of experimental trypanosoma evansi infection among pigs in southern Philippines

Dargantes Alan, Dalangan Neil Anthony A., Vicente Marianne April A., Dumuk Shiela L., Dargantes Joseph Rizalyndo P., Talle Max Francis G., Desquesnes Marc. 2017. Melarsomine dihydrochloride as treatment of experimental trypanosoma evansi infection among pigs in southern Philippines. . Taipei : s.n., Résumé, 1 p. Joint Symposium of Vet Research among Universities of Vet Medecine in East Asia and Pacific. 8, Taipei, Taïwan / (République de Chine (Taïwan)), 19 Février 2017/21 Février 2017.

Résumé : The study was carried out to assess the efficacy of melarsomine dihydrochloride (Cymelarsan®) against experimental Trypanosoma evansi infection (surra) in pigs. Specifically, the study aimed to: (a) determine the time of disappearance of T. evansi from the blood of pigs after treatment with two different doses of melarsomine dihydrochloride; (b) compare the bodyweight and rectal temperature of control pigs and those infected and treated with melarsomine dihydrochloride; (c) observe any apparent side effects of melarsomine dihydrochloride among treated pigs; and, (d) compare the efficacy of two different doses of melarsomine dihydrochloride. Sixteen, apparently healthy, 40-50 days old pigs (piglets) were used in the study. The piglets were randomly allocated into four treatments with 4 animals each group: T0= uninfected-untreated; T1=infected-untreated; T2= infected, treated with melarsomine dihydrochloride at 0.25 mg kg-1 bodyweight (BW); and, T3= infected, treated with melarsomine dihydrochloride at 0.5 mg kg-1 BW. Each animal in Treatments 1-3 was inoculated with approximately 100,000 T. evansi (Mindanao isolate). Single intramuscular treatment with the drug was done two weeks after infection. Parasitemia was monitored daily after inoculation and at 1, 3 and 24 hours, and every 3-4 days for 90 days post treatment (pt) using microhematocrit centrifugation technique (MHCT) and/or mouse inoculation test (MIT). Rectal temperatures were monitored daily for 3 days prior to inoculation and every 3-4 days after inoculation, and weekly, pt, for 4 weeks. Bodyweights were taken prior to inoculation and treatment, and weekly, pt, for 4 weeks. Trypanosomes were not detected in the blood of pigs an hour, pt. There were no significant differences on the bodyweights among pigs and rectal temperatures of T. evansi-infected pigs returned to normal after melarsomine treatment. Side effects were not observed among melarsomine-treated pigs. Pigs treated with 0.5 mg kg-1 BW dose were free of trypanosomes within the 90-day observation period, while two pigs had relapsed infection on days 72 and 81, pt. It is concluded that a single intramuscular injection of melarsomine dihydrochloride at 0.5 mg kg-1 BW is effective against T. evansi infection in pigs and could be safely used to treat surra in pigs in Mindanao while the lower dose is only 50% effective. Further studies should be done with melarsomine for treatment of surra in other animal species in southern Philippines.

Auteurs et affiliations

• Dargantes Alan, Central Mindanao University (PHL)
• Dalangan Neil Anthony A., Central Mindanao University (PHL)
• Vicente Marianne April A., Central Mindanao University (PHL)
• Dumuk Shiela L., Central Mindanao University (PHL)
• Dargantes Joseph Rizalyndo P.
• Talle Max Francis G., Cebu Technological University (PHL)
• Desquesnes Marc, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR TRYPANOSOMES (THA) ORCID: 0000-0002-7665-2422

Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/591958/)

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