Two contrasting patterns of crop seasonal adaptation revealed by a common garden experiment on flood recession sorghum in the Sahel

Fokou Yemata Oberline, Saidou Abdoul-Aziz, Kanmegne Gabriel, Berkoula Orphé, Audebert Alain, Sine Bassirou, Fonceka Daniel, Joly Hélène. 2020. Two contrasting patterns of crop seasonal adaptation revealed by a common garden experiment on flood recession sorghum in the Sahel. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 14 (5) : 871-879.

Url - éditeur : https://cropj.com/may2020.html

Résumé : Studying seasonal adaptation is of great importance for understanding crop diversification. The biological process of seasonal adaptation of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) allowed the development of flood recession agrosystems in the Sahel (West and Central Africa). To analyze the patterns of trait variation linked to this poorly documented process, we evaluated and compared four eco-seasonal groups of sorghum originating from seasonally diversified agrosystems in the same cropping conditions. The muskuwaari and samme groups are composed of landraces adapted to flood recession agrosystems in the Lake Chad Basin (43 accessions) and the Senegal River Valley (14 accessions), respectively. The other two groups are composed of varieties commonly grown in the rainy season (19 accessions from the Lake Chad Basin and 24 accessions from the Senegal River Valley and and surrounding regions). Multivariate analyses based on ten agro-morphological traits structured the sample in two main clusters subdivided into four subclusters. This structure was significantly associated with the eco-seasonal groups, highlighting muskuwaari differentiation. Five traits (head appearance, leaf length, leaf number, aboveground biomass, and the root mass to aboveground biomass ratio) supported the differentiation of eco- seasonal groups and backed the hypothesis of seasonal adaptive divergence of sorghum in the Lake Chad Basin. No trait differentiation was detected in the samme group, suggesting that seasonal adaptation in the Senegal River Valley might probably be associated with population plasticity existing in the rainy season groups. These experimental evidences provide new insights for understanding scenarios of seasonal adaptation of sorghum.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : Sorghum bicolor, adaptation physiologique, système de culture, saisonnalité

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : Sahel, fleuve Sénégal

Mots-clés libres : Muskuwaari, Samme, Fleuve Sénégal, Bassin du Lac Tchad

Classification Agris : F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale
F01 - Culture des plantes

Champ stratégique Cirad : CTS 2 (2019-) - Transitions agroécologiques

Auteurs et affiliations

• Fokou Yemata Oberline, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR AGAP (FRA)
• Saidou Abdoul-Aziz, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR AGAP (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0002-1215-6075 - auteur correspondant
• Kanmegne Gabriel, Université de Dschang (CMR)
• Berkoula Orphé, CERAAS (SEN)
• Audebert Alain, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR AGAP (SEN) ORCID: 0000-0002-5822-7166
• Sine Bassirou, CERAAS (SEN)
• Fonceka Daniel, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR AGAP (SEN)
• Joly Hélène, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR AGAP (FRA)

Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/595968/)

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