Plant Trypanosomes (Phytomonas Sp.) as a model for research on human Trypanosomatidae

Dollet Michel, Porcel Betina M., Sturm Nancy R., Marin Clotilde, Bastien Patrick, Campbell David A., Denoeud France, Wincker Patrick. 2014. Plant Trypanosomes (Phytomonas Sp.) as a model for research on human Trypanosomatidae. In : WCM2014: From Innovation to Commercialization Conference abstract book. Dalian : BIT Congress, 1 p. Annual World Congress of Microbes 2014 (WCM2014). 4, Dalian, Chine, 26 Juin 2014/29 Juin 2014.

Résumé : Trypanosomatidae infect a large variety of hosts including insects, animals and humans. They are responsible for sleeping sickness and Chagas disease, and Leishmania species cause visceral and cutaneous manifestations. They also occur in plants. This broad group is responsible for severe diseases in Latin America, in coffee, coconut and oil palm. We obtained their first in vitro culture and using isoenzyme electrophoresis, RAPD and different molecular markers, we revealed at least 10 groups designated from A to J. Pathogenic group H is associated with wilts in Latin America and forms a monophyletic group with distinct biological, serological and molecular characteristics. Group D contains latex isolates from Europe, Africa and India. In 2009 we defined the complete molecular karyotypes of isolates from groups D and H. Group H has seven chromosomes, versus 21 in the group D. Despite these differences, most of the genes are in fact common to both. The comparison with other sequenced trypanosome genomes showed that Phytomonas spp. have a highly streamlined genome encoding for a minimal metabolic system enhanced by enzymes specialized for using plant sugars as energy sources. We observed a dramatic reduction in genome size (8 Mb versus the 32 Mb relative to its closest neighbor Leishmania). Significant synteny was observed between Phytomonas and Leishmania major. For obvious reasons the 7 vitro culture of Phytomonas is safer for tbe researcher than that of human Trypanosomatidae, thus the plant trypanosomes are excellent models for trypanosomatid research with implications in the fight against trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis.

Auteurs et affiliations

• Dollet Michel, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR RPB (FRA)
• Porcel Betina M., CEA (FRA)
• Sturm Nancy R., UCLA (USA)
• Marin Clotilde, Instituto de Biotecnologia (ESP)
• Bastien Patrick, CNRS (FRA)
• Campbell David A., UCLA (USA)
• Denoeud France, CEA (FRA)
• Wincker Patrick, Institut de génomique (FRA)

Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/600421/)

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