Modern approaches for sorghum breeding in Mali

Témé Niaba, Kouressy Mamoutou, Sissoko Salifou, Sako Dramane, Guindo Diarah, Dembélé Yacouba, Tekete Mohamed Lamine, Thera Mamoutou Korotimi, Yebedié Ankounidjou, Doumbia Mohamed, Sissoko Aliou, Sanogo Sekouba, Kané Mahamady, Traoré dite Diop Aiché, Diakité Mahamadou, Coulibaly Flakoro, Lespinasse Denis, Cossic Frederic, Ragot Michel, Vaksmann Michel, Guitton Baptiste, Mestres Christian, Davrieux Fabrice, Fliedel Geneviève, Rami Jean-François. 2022. Modern approaches for sorghum breeding in Mali. In : Crop adaptation and improvement for drought-prone environments. Ndjido A. Kane (ed.), Foncéka Daniel (ed.), Dalton Timothy J. (ed.). Manhattan : New Prairie Press, 435-464. ISBN 978-1-944548-46-9

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Résumé : Sorghum is an important and versatile food crop in the Sudan savannah environments of West Africa. Sorghum production doubled in the last 20 years and its yield remained stable and low in Mali. Molecular markers were used to dissect quantitative variation to increase efficiency of breeding programs. From 2009–2014, marker-assisted recurrent selection (MARS), an integrated process to identify favorable alleles and to monitor their pyramiding throughout the breeding course, was implemented. Two large bi-parental populations derived from complementary recent elite inbreds, Tiandougou, Keninkeni, and Lata-3, were developed to improve grain yield productivity and stability while maintaining traditional food processing quality. Populations were phenotyped multi-locally. Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) analyses identified, in each genomic region, the most favorable morphologic, yield components, grain quality, and flowering time parental alleles. Marker-assisted recurrent selection approach is detailed for one of the populations. Several genotypic ideotypes corresponding to ideal recombination patterns between the parents were defined. Molecular marker-guided recurrent crossing allowed favorable QTL accumulation for a large range of traits. Three marker-assisted recurrent selection cycles were accomplished. Four stable and superior elite lines were identified, leading to their registration in 2018 in national and ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States) catalogs.

Agences de financement hors UE : United States Agency for International Development

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