No-till with Stylosanthes guianensis cover crop affects weed community and improves weed management in upland rainfed rice in Madagascar

Rafenomanjato Antsa, Ripoche Aude, Marnotte Pascal, Letourmy Philippe, Autfray Patrice, Randriamampianina Jean Augustin, Barberi Paolo, Moonen Anna Camilla. 2023. No-till with Stylosanthes guianensis cover crop affects weed community and improves weed management in upland rainfed rice in Madagascar. Weed Research, 63 (3) : 175-185.

Url - jeu de données - Dataverse Cirad : https://doi.org/10.18167/DVN1/3UONHE

Résumé : In Madagascar, upland rainfed rice is traditionally grown on tilled soil without transplanting. Weed infestation by annual species is a serious issue in such a system. Stylosanthes guianensis, a legume cover crop, can be grown with rice as a living mulch but its effect on the weed community and rice yield was not yet well studied. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in Mid-West Madagascar from 2016 to 2018. A no-till system with stylosanthes (NT) managed as a living mulch was compared to the conventional tilled (CT) system. Two fertilisation regimes were included: organic manure (F1) and organic manure combined with mineral fertiliser (F2). Weed floristic surveys were performed, and weed harmfulness evaluated by comparing weedy and weed-free plots. The living mulch harmfulness was evaluated using weed-stylosanthes-free plots. Results showed that NT suppressed dominant grass weeds Digitaria spp. and Eleusine indica leading to a decrease in total weed biomass. Rice yield was significantly higher in NT than in CT; in weed-free condition, it was 2.4 versus 2 t ha−1 in NT and CT, respectively, and 1.5 versus 0.6 t ha−1 in NT and CT, respectively, in weedy condition. The living mulch reduced rice yield by 14% but it remained significantly higher in NT than in CT. The addition of mineral fertiliser to the organic manure had a positive effect on rice yield but only in weed-free conditions. This study showed that a no-till system with a living mulch can help to control the most competitive weeds without undermining rice production.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : riz pluvial, mauvaise herbe, rendement des cultures, désherbage, paillage, Oryza sativa, Eleusine indica, riz, Stylosanthes guianensis, mulch vivant

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : Madagascar

Mots-clés libres : Conservation agriculture, Fertilisation, Living mulch, Weed composition, Weed-crop competition

Classification Agris : F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture
F07 - Façons culturales
H60 - Mauvaises herbes et désherbage

Champ stratégique Cirad : CTS 2 (2019-) - Transitions agroécologiques

Agences de financement hors UE : Agropolis Fondation, Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centers

Projets sur financement : (FRA) System approach for the TRAnsition to bio-DIVersified agroecosystems, from process analysis to multi-scale co-conception with actors

Auteurs et affiliations

• Rafenomanjato Antsa, FOFIFA (MDG) - auteur correspondant
• Ripoche Aude, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR AIDA (REU) - auteur correspondant
• Marnotte Pascal
• Letourmy Philippe, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR AIDA (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0003-1040-0860
• Autfray Patrice, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR AIDA (FRA)
• Randriamampianina Jean Augustin, FOFIFA (MDG)
• Barberi Paolo, Scuola Superiore Sant Anna (ITA)
• Moonen Anna Camilla, Scuola Superiore Sant Anna (ITA)

Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/604227/)

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