Rift Valley Fever - epidemiological update and risk of introduction into Europe

Nielsen Søren Saxmose, Alvarez Julio, Bicout Dominique Joseph, Calistri Paolo, Depner Klaus, Drewe Julian Ashley, Garin-Bastuji Bruno, Gonzales Rojas José Luis, Gortázar Schmidt Christian, Michel Virginie, Miranda Chueca Miguel Ángel, Roberts Helen Clare, Sihvonen Liisa Helena, Stahl Karl, Velarde Calvo Antonio, Viltrop Arvo, Winckler Christoph, Bett Bernard, Cetre-Sossah Catherine, Chevalier Véronique, Devos Clazien, Gubbins Simon, Monaco Federica, Sotiria-Eleni Antoniou, Broglia Alessandro, Cortiñas Abrahantes Jose, Dhollander Sofie, Van der Stede Yves, Zancanaro Gabriele. 2020. Rift Valley Fever - epidemiological update and risk of introduction into Europe. EFSA Journal, 18 (3):e06041, 72 p.

https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6041

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Quartile : Q2, Sujet : FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Résumé : Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a vector-borne disease transmitted by a broad spectrum of mosquito species, especially Aedes and Culex genus, to animals (domestic and wild ruminants and camels) and humans. Rift Valley fever is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa and in the Arabian Peninsula, with periodic epidemics characterised by 5–15 years of inter-epizootic periods. In the last two decades, RVF was notified in new African regions (e.g. Sahel), RVF epidemics occurred more frequently and low-level enzootic virus circulation has been demonstrated in livestock in various areas. Recent outbreaks in a French overseas department and some seropositive cases detected in Turkey, Tunisia and Libya raised the attention of the EU for a possible incursion into neighbouring countries. The movement of live animals is the most important pathway for RVF spread from the African endemic areas to North Africa and the Middle East. The movement of infected animals and infected vectors when shipped by flights, containers or road transport is considered as other plausible pathways of introduction into Europe. The overall risk of introduction of RVF into EU through the movement of infected animals is very low in all the EU regions and in all MSs (less than one epidemic every 500 years), given the strict EU animal import policy. The same level of risk of introduction in all the EU regions was estimated also considering the movement of infected vectors, with the highest level for Belgium, Greece, Malta, the Netherlands (one epidemic every 228–700 years), mainly linked to the number of connections by air and sea transports with African RVF infected countries. Although the EU territory does not seem to be directly exposed to an imminent risk of RVFV introduction, the risk of further spread into countries neighbouring the EU and the risks of possible introduction of infected vectors, suggest that EU authorities need to strengthen their surveillance and response capacities, as well as the collaboration with North African and Middle Eastern countries.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : transmission des maladies, épidémiologie, fièvre de la Vallée du Rift, vecteur de maladie, Virus de la fièvre de la vallée du Rift, surveillance épidémiologique, contrôle de maladies, Culicidae, sérologie, introduction d'animaux, ruminant, maladie des animaux