Pyrolysis of cashew nut shells-focus on extractives

Chung Kelly Wen Yee, Blin Joël, Lanvin Charline, Martin Eric, Valette Jérémy, Van De Steene Laurent. 2024. Pyrolysis of cashew nut shells-focus on extractives. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 179:106452, 12 p.

Résumé : Cashew nut shells (CNS), as non-edible agricultural residues produced by cashew nut shelling units, are largely abundant in West Africa. They present a strong potential for energy production although the presence of specific extractives known collectively as cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) is problematic. These extractives can account for up to 40 % of the mass of the shells and are mainly composed of anacardic acids, cardanols and cardols (ACC). The objective of this work was to study the influence of ACC constituents on the pyrolysis of CNS. To this end, an exhaustive characterization of CNS was performed, followed by a series of pyrolysis experiments on CNS, extractives and solid residues. Thermogravimetric analyses revealed intermolecular interactions between the lignocellulosic solid matrix and the extractives of CNS. Experiments carried out in a fixed bed reactor enabled determination of pyrolysis products composition. Only cardanols were present in both CNS and ACC pyrolysis condensates. The degradation of anacardic acids during ACC pyrolysis at 400 °C was investigated and showed that 45 % of anacardic acids produce cardanols as end products, whereas the remaining anacardic acids form thermal cracking products (char, gas and condensates). The distribution of the end products of CNS pyrolysis is illustrated in the graphical abstract.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : pyrolyse, noix de cajou, composition chimique, carbonisation du bois

Mots-clés libres : Cashew nut shells, Liquid, Extractives, Fixed bed, HPLC

Classification Agris : Q70 - Traitement des déchets agricoles
Q60 - Traitement des produits agricoles non alimentaires

Champ stratégique Cirad : CTS 7 (2019-) - Hors champs stratégiques

Agences de financement européennes : European Commission

Agences de financement hors UE : Agence Française de Développement

Projets sur financement : (FRA) AgroGazelec, (EU) BioStar, (EU) Development Smart Innovation through Research in Agriculture

Auteurs et affiliations

• Chung Kelly Wen Yee, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR BioWooEB (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0002-9299-8570 - auteur correspondant
• Blin Joël, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR BioWooEB (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0001-6715-2453
• Lanvin Charline, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR BioWooEB (FRA) ORCID: 0009-0005-8884-7875
• Martin Eric, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR BioWooEB (FRA)
• Valette Jérémy, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR BioWooEB (FRA) ORCID: 0009-0000-3371-6417
• Van De Steene Laurent, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR BioWooEB (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0003-4737-3667

Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/609914/)

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