Crown structure and wood properties : influence on tree sway and response to high winds

Sellier Damien, Fourcaud Thierry. 2009. Crown structure and wood properties : influence on tree sway and response to high winds. American Journal of Botany, 96 (5) : 885-896.

Quartile : Q1, Sujet : PLANT SCIENCES

Résumé : Wind can alter plant growth and cause extensive, irreversible damage in forested areas. To hotter understand how to mitigate the effects of wind action, we investigated the sensitivity of tree aerodynamic behavior to the material and geometrical factors characterizing the aerial system. The mechanical response of a 35 yr-old maritime pine (Pinas /thoser. Pinaceae) submitted to static and dynamic wind loads is simulated with a finite element model. The branching structure is represented in three dimensions. Factor effects are evaluated using, a fractional experimental design. Results show that material properties play only a limited role in tree dynamics. In contrast, small morphological variations can produce extreme behaviors such as either very little or nearly critical dissipation of stem oscillations. Slender trees are shown to be relatively more vulnerable to stem breakage than uprooting. Dynamic loading, leads to deflections and forces up to 20% higher near the base of the tree than those calculated for a static loading of similar magnitude. Effects of branch geometry on dynamic amplification are substantial yet not linear. The flexibility of the aerial system is found to be critical to reducing the resistance to the airflow and thus to minimizing the risk of failure.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : Pinus pinaster

Classification Agris : F50 - Anatomie et morphologie des plantes
K50 - Technologie des produits forestiers
U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques
H50 - Troubles divers des plantes

Champ stratégique Cirad : Hors axes (2005-2013)

Auteurs et affiliations

• Sellier Damien, SCION (NZL)
• Fourcaud Thierry, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR AMAP (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0001-9475-7239

Source : Cirad - Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/549781/)

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