Avian influenza vaccination in Egypt: Limitations of the current strategy

Peyre Marie-Isabelle, Samaha Hamid, Jobre Makonnen Yilma, Saad Ahmed, Abd-Elnabi Amira, Galal Saber, Ettel Toni, Dauphin Gwenaelle, Lubroth Juan, Roger François, Domenech Joseph. 2009. Avian influenza vaccination in Egypt: Limitations of the current strategy. Journal of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, 3 (2) : 198-204.

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Résumé : Vaccination of domestic poultry against avian influenza (AI) has been used on a large-scale in South East Asia since 2003 and in Egypt since 2006 to fight H5N1 highly-pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) epidemics. The decision to use mass vaccination against HPAI in Egypt was taken as an emergency measure based on positive impact of such control measures in Vietnam and the People's Republic of China. However, three years on, the impact on disease control of AI vaccination in Egypt has been very limited. Despite the continuous vaccination of poultry against HPAI, poultry outbreaks and human cases are reported regularly. A recent assessment study highlighted substantial weaknesses in the current immunisation programme and its lack of positive impact on the spread of infection or the maintenance of public health safety. The shortcomings of the vaccination strategy may be attributed in part to a lack of sufficient support in terms of funding and communication, the absence of an efficient monitoring system, and inadequate training of field technicians. The difficulties of blanket vaccinations in semi-commercial farms and household poultry sectors are well known, however, improvements in the industrial sector should be possible though better government controls and greater collaboration with the private sector. AI vaccination should be regarded as just one control tool within a broader disease control program integrating surveillance, outbreak investigation, disease management systems, and the rigorous implementation of bio-security measures. If incorrectly implemented, AI vaccination has a limited impact as a disease control measure. Moreover, without strict bio-security precautions undertaken during its application, farm visits to vaccinate poultry could facilitate the spread of the virus and therefore become a risk factor with important implications on the maintenance of the virus and potential risk for human exposure.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : vaccination, volaille, Influenzavirus aviaire, analyse du risque, contrôle de maladies, danger pour la santé, grippe aviaire

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : Égypte

Classification Agris : L73 - Maladies des animaux
L70 - Sciences et hygiène vétérinaires - Considérations générales

Champ stratégique Cirad : Axe 4 (2005-2013) - Santé animale et maladies émergentes

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