Human and environmental controls over aboveground carbon storage in Madagascar

Asner Gregory P., Clark John, Mascaro Joseph, Vaudry Romuald, Chadwick K.Diana, Vieilledent Ghislain, Rasamoelina Maminiaina, Balaji Aravindh, Kennedy-Bowdoin Ty, Maatoug Léna, Colgan Matthew S., Knapp David E.. 2012. Human and environmental controls over aboveground carbon storage in Madagascar. Carbon Balance and Management, 7 (2), 13 p.

https://doi.org/10.1186/1750-0680-7-2

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Résumé : Background Accurate, high-resolution mapping of aboveground carbon density (ACD, Mg C ha-1) could provide insight into human and environmental controls over ecosystem state and functioning, and could support conservation and climate policy development. However, mapping ACD has proven challenging, particularly in spatially complex regions harboring a mosaic of land use activities, or in remote montane areas that are difficult to access and poorly understood ecologically. Using a combination of field measurements, airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and satellite data, we present the first large-scale, high-resolution estimates of aboveground carbon stocks in Madagascar. Results We found that elevation and the fraction of photosynthetic vegetation (PV) cover, analyzed throughout forests of widely varying structure and condition, account for 27-67% of the spatial variation in ACD. This finding facilitated spatial extrapolation of LiDAR-based carbon estimates to a total of 2,372,680 ha using satellite data. Remote, humid sub-montane forests harbored the highest carbon densities, while ACD was suppressed in dry spiny forests and in montane humid ecosystems, as well as in most lowland areas with heightened human activity. Independent of human activity, aboveground carbon stocks were subject to strong physiographic controls expressed through variation in tropical forest canopy structure measured using airborne LiDAR. Conclusions High-resolution mapping of carbon stocks is possible in remote regions, with or without human activity, and thus carbon monitoring can be brought to highly endangered Malagasy forests as a climate-change mitigation and biological conservation strategy.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : biomasse, couverture végétale, séquestration du carbone, végétation, stockage, carbone, cartographie, mesure (activité), télédétection, télémétrie, surveillance de l'environnement, atténuation des effets du changement climatique, émission atmosphérique, gaz à effet de serre, méthodologie, évaluation de l'impact, impact sur l'environnement, forêt tropicale