The exotic legume tree species, Acacia mearnsii, alters microbial soil functionalities and the early development of a native tree species, Quercus suber, in North Africa

Boudiaf Imene, Baudoin Ezékiel, Sanguin Hervé, Beddiar Arifa, Thioulouse Jean, Galiana Antoine, Prin Yves, Le Roux Christine, Lebrun Michel, Duponnois Robin. 2013. The exotic legume tree species, Acacia mearnsii, alters microbial soil functionalities and the early development of a native tree species, Quercus suber, in North Africa. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 65 : 172-179.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.05.003

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Quartile : Q1, Sujet : SOIL SCIENCE

Résumé : Acacia mearnsii is one of the most planted Australian Acacia around the world but is known to be highly invasive, threatening native habitats by competing with indigenous vegetation. The introduction of this species in the Algerian El Kala Biosphere reserve led to the invasion of natural formations to the detriment of Quercus suber, a native tree species. We hypothesized that shifts in soil microbial functions and ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungal community structure triggered by this exotic Acacia species might correlate with a decrease of the early growth of Q. suber. Soil samples were thus collected from 3 different sites where the exotic species was at different stages of invasion in the Algerian El Kala Biosphere reserve, (i) a Q. suber forest free of A. mearnsii (site S1), (ii) a Q. suber/A. mearnsii mixed forest where the Australian Acacia has been recently detected (site S2) and (iii) pure stands of A. mearnsii formed more than 20 years ago (site S3). Plant growth, EcM community structure associated with Q. suber roots and soil microbial functionalities were assessed for 6 month-old cultures of Q. suber in glasshouse conditions. The results clearly demonstrated a strong deleterious impact of A. mearnsii invasion level on soil chemical characteristics, microbial functions and EcM community structure and colonization, correlated to a decrease in the early growth of Q. suber seedlings. The current study gives new insights into both the negative impact of exotic species on soil functioning and their effect on indigenous vegetation growth. These results may be used as a basis for improving the conservation practices of native tree species in such degraded areas as a complement of ecological strategies using indigenous ectotrophic earlysuccessional shrub species (eg. Cistus spp.) that our findings have shown to promote EcM multiplication and the early growth of native tree species.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : biodiversité, introduction de plantes, Acacia mearnsii, Quercus suber, croissance, compétition végétale, espèce envahissante, biologie du sol, Mycorhizé, symbiose

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : Afrique du Nord, Algérie

Mots-clés complémentaires : Espèce locale

Classification Agris : K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales
H60 - Mauvaises herbes et désherbage
F40 - Écologie végétale
P34 - Biologie du sol

Champ stratégique Cirad : Axe 1 (2005-2013) - Intensification écologique

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