Bridge hosts, a missing link for disease ecology in multi-host systems

Caron Alexandre, Cappelle Julien, Cumming Graeme S., De Garine-Wichatitsky Michel, Gaidet Nicolas. 2015. Bridge hosts, a missing link for disease ecology in multi-host systems. Veterinary Research, 46 (83), 11 p.

Quartile : Q1, Sujet : VETERINARY SCIENCES

Résumé : In ecology, the grouping of species into functional groups has played a valuable role in simplifying ecological complexity. In epidemiology, further clarifications of epidemiological functions are needed: while host roles may be defined, they are often used loosely, partly because of a lack of clarity on the relationships between a host's function and its epidemiological role. Here we focus on the definition of bridge hosts and their epidemiological consequences. Bridge hosts provide a link through which pathogens can be transmitted from maintenance host populations or communities to receptive populations that people want to protect (i.e., target hosts). A bridge host should (1) be competent for the pathogen or able to mechanically transmit it; and (2) come into direct contact or share habitat with both maintenance and target populations. Demonstration of bridging requires an operational framework that integrates ecological and epidemiological approaches. We illustrate this framework using the example of the transmission of Avian Influenza Viruses across wild bird/poultry interfaces in Africa and discuss a range of other examples that demonstrate the usefulness of our definition for other multi-host systems. Bridge hosts can be particularly important for understanding and managing infectious disease dynamics in multi-host systems at wildlife/domestic/human interfaces, including emerging infections.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : épidémiologie, écologie, transmission des maladies, relation hôte pathogène, interactions biologiques, zoonose, hôte, agent pathogène, analyse de système, étude de cas, Influenzavirus aviaire, animal sauvage, animal domestique, genre humain, bovin, oiseau, tuberculose, virose, virus des animaux, maladie transmise par vecteur, grippe aviaire

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : Afrique

Mots-clés complémentaires : Approche systémique, Ebola

Mots-clés libres : Bridge host, Multi-host systems, Avian influenza, Wild bird, Disease ecology, Bovine tuberculosis, Ebola

Classification Agris : L73 - Maladies des animaux
L20 - Écologie animale

Champ stratégique Cirad : Axe 4 (2014-2018) - Santé des animaux et des plantes

Auteurs et affiliations

• Caron Alexandre, CIRAD-ES-UPR AGIRs (MOZ) ORCID: 0000-0002-5213-3273
• Cappelle Julien, CIRAD-ES-UPR AGIRs (KHM) ORCID: 0000-0001-7668-1971
• Cumming Graeme S., UCT (ZAF)
• De Garine-Wichatitsky Michel, CIRAD-ES-UPR AGIRs (ZWE) ORCID: 0000-0002-5438-1473
• Gaidet Nicolas, CIRAD-ES-UPR AGIRs (FRA)

Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/577450/)

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