Self-organized spatial structures of locust groups emerging from local interaction

Dkhili Jamila, Berger Uta, Idrissi Hassani Lalla Mina, Ghaout Saïd, Peters Ronny, Piou Cyril. 2017. Self-organized spatial structures of locust groups emerging from local interaction. Ecological Modelling, 361 : 26-40.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.07.020

Article de revue ; Article de recherche ; Article de revue à facteur d'impact

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Quartile : Q2, Sujet : ECOLOGY

Liste HCERES des revues (en SHS) : oui

Thème(s) HCERES des revues (en SHS) : Economie-gestion

Résumé : Collective movements are found in several taxa and many different scales. Locusts and grasshoppers are known for their formation of groups and collective movement. These groups exhibit self-organized characteristics of typical shapes and density gradients. Three different species-dependent characteristics of group structures can be distinguished in locusts and grasshoppers: spots (circular form), bands (large form), and ribbons (long form). In order to understand deeper the mechanisms leading to this diversity of structures, we aimed to reproduce the different spatial structures of locust and grasshopper groups by the mean of an agent-based model. The model describes the behaviour of individual insects by three simple processes of attraction, repulsion and cohesion – well known from classical flock models. The individuals' vision radius is updated according to their neighbours' density. Individuals update their direction and subsequent movement in response to local neighbours within the vision radius. The movement speed is irregular representing intermittent motion. Simulation experiments were applied to test the effects of the sequence of the processes of cohesion and alignment. As expected, the differences of group structures can be explained by differences in individual behaviours. More interestingly, the characteristic collective movements observed in locusts and grasshoppers need strong alignment behaviour of the individuals. We suggest that the different characteristic group structures found in grasshoppers and locusts depend on the strength of the aggregating behaviour exhibited by the different species. Our work shows that the high frontal densities observed in locust bands are the result of the turning back toward the group by the individuals in the front of the group. The specific behaviours needed to reproduce locust band structures suppose an adaptation to predation avoidance and eventually resource search.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : Acrididae, comportement animal, migration animale, modèle mathématique, dynamique des populations, locomotion, écologie animale

Mots-clés libres : Band structure, Frontal density, Locust collective movement, Individual-based model, Self-organization, Pattern-oriented model

Classification Agris : H10 - Ravageurs des plantes
L20 - Écologie animale
U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques

Champ stratégique Cirad : Axe 4 (2014-2018) - Santé des animaux et des plantes

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