Evolutionary transcriptomics reveals the origins of olives and the genomic changes associated with their domestication

Gros-Balthazard Muriel, Besnard Guillaume, Sarah Gautier, Holtz Yan, Leclercq Julie, Santoni Sylvain, Wegmann Daniel, Glemin Sylvain, Khadari Bouchaib. 2019. Evolutionary transcriptomics reveals the origins of olives and the genomic changes associated with their domestication. Plant Journal, 100 (1) : 143-157.

Quartile : Outlier, Sujet : PLANT SCIENCES

Résumé : The olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea) is one of the oldest and most socio‐economically important cultivated perennial crop in the Mediterranean region. Yet, its origins are still under debate and the genetic bases of the phenotypic changes associated with its domestication are unknown. We generated RNA‐sequencing data for 68 wild and cultivated olive trees to study the genetic diversity and structure both at the transcription and sequence levels. To localize putative genes or expression pathways targeted by artificial selection during domestication, we employed a two‐step approach in which we identified differentially expressed genes and screened the transcriptome for signatures of selection. Our analyses support a major domestication event in the eastern part of the Mediterranean basin followed by dispersion towards the West and subsequent admixture with western wild olives. While we found large changes in gene expression when comparing cultivated and wild olives, we found no major signature of selection on coding variants and weak signals primarily affected transcription factors. Our results indicated that the domestication of olives resulted in only moderate genomic consequences and that the domestication syndrome is mainly related to changes in gene expression, consistent with its evolutionary history and life history traits.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : Olea europaea, variation génétique, domestication des plantes, sélection artificielle, séquence d'arn, Transcription génique

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : région méditerranéenne

Classification Agris : F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes
F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie
F01 - Culture des plantes

Champ stratégique Cirad : CTS 1 (2019-) - Biodiversité

Auteurs et affiliations

• Gros-Balthazard Muriel, Université de Montpellier (FRA) - auteur correspondant
• Besnard Guillaume, CNRS (FRA)
• Sarah Gautier, INRA (FRA)
• Holtz Yan, INRA (FRA)
• Leclercq Julie, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR AGAP (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0001-8110-3762
• Santoni Sylvain, INRA (FRA)
• Wegmann Daniel, Université de Fribourg (CHE)
• Glemin Sylvain, CNRS (FRA)
• Khadari Bouchaib, INRA (FRA) - auteur correspondant

Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/593140/)

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