Are fission-fusion dynamics consistent among populations? A large-scale study with Cape buffalo

Wielgus Elodie, Cornélis Daniel, De Garine-Wichatitsky Michel, Cain Bradley, Fritz Hervé, Miguel Eve, Valls-Fox Hugo, Caron Alexandre, Chamaille-Jammes Simon. 2020. Are fission-fusion dynamics consistent among populations? A large-scale study with Cape buffalo. Ecology and Evolution, 10 (17) : 9240-9256.

Quartile : Q2, Sujet : ECOLOGY / Quartile : Q3, Sujet : EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY

Résumé : Fission–fusion dynamics allow animals to manage costs and benefits of group living by adjusting group size. The degree of intraspecific variation in fission–fusion dynamics across the geographical range is poorly known. During 2008–2016, 38 adult female Cape buffalo were equipped with GPS collars in three populations located in different protected areas (Gonarezhou National Park and Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe; Kruger National Park, South Africa) to investigate the patterns and environmental drivers of fission–fusion dynamics among populations. We estimated home range overlap and fission and fusion events between Cape buffalo dyads. We investigated the temporal dynamics of both events at daily and seasonal scales and examined the influence of habitat and distance to water on event location. Fission–fusion dynamics were generally consistent across populations: Fission and fusion periods lasted on average between less than one day and three days. However, we found seasonal differences in the underlying patterns of fission and fusion, which point out the likely influence of resource availability and distribution in time on group dynamics: During the wet season, Cape buffalo split and associated more frequently and were in the same or in a different subgroup for shorter periods. Cape buffalo subgroups were more likely to merge than to split in open areas located near water, but overall vegetation and distance to water were very poor predictors of where fission and fusion events occurred. This study is one of the first to quantify fission–fusion dynamics in a single species across several populations with a common methodology, thus robustly questioning the behavioral flexibility of fission–fusion dynamics among environments.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : buffle africain, Syncerus, dynamique des populations, variation génétique, facteur écologique, facteur du milieu

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : Afrique du Sud

Mots-clés complémentaires : variation intraspécifique, dynamique de fission-fusion

Mots-clés libres : African buffalo, Population dynamic, Behavior, Ecology

Classification Agris : L20 - Écologie animale

Champ stratégique Cirad : CTS 5 (2019-) - Territoires

Auteurs et affiliations

• Wielgus Elodie, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR ASTRE (GBR) - auteur correspondant
• Cornélis Daniel, CIRAD-ES-UPR Forêts et sociétés (FRA)
• De Garine-Wichatitsky Michel, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR ASTRE (THA) ORCID: 0000-0002-5438-1473
• Cain Bradley, MMU (GBR)
• Fritz Hervé, CNRS (FRA)
• Miguel Eve, IRD (FRA)
• Valls-Fox Hugo, CIRAD-ES-UMR SELMET (SEN)
• Caron Alexandre, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR ASTRE (MOZ) ORCID: 0000-0002-5213-3273
• Chamaille-Jammes Simon, CNRS (FRA)

Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/596080/)

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