Redefining the field to mobilize three-dimensional diversity and ecosystem services on the arable farm

Ditzler Lenora, van Apeldoorn Dirk, Schulte Rogier P.O., Tittonell Pablo, Rossing Walter A.H.. 2021. Redefining the field to mobilize three-dimensional diversity and ecosystem services on the arable farm. European Journal of Agronomy, 122:126197, 15 p.

Quartile : Q1, Sujet : AGRONOMY

Résumé : In this article we explore the concept and implications of three-dimensional (spatial, temporal, and genetic) in-field crop diversification to inform systems redesign towards ecological intensification. We first present a conceptual framework for classifying diversity in arable contexts. We then apply the framework to analyse two long-term systems experiments in The Netherlands where spatial and genetic diversity measures were implemented via strip and mixed intercropping with the aim to increase ecosystem service delivery: incidence and spreading rate of late blight (Phytophthora infestans) in potato (Solanum tubersosum L.), and biocontrol control potential in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In the case of late blight, potatoes planted in strips had significantly lower disease incidence than the monoculture reference across all years, and adding cultivar mixing within the strip was more powerful in mitigating late blight than spatial diversification alone. In the case of biocontrol in wheat, strips supported significantly larger (for all but one taxonomic group) and significantly more diverse epigeic natural enemy populations than the sole culture reference in all years. However, the addition of species mixing within strips did not further increase biocontrol indices compared to sole-wheat strips. These results imply that compromises between management complexity and ecosystem service enhancement are achievable through strip cropping, an operable practice with current machinery, and one that does not require a thorough reconfiguration of the production system. The three-dimensional diversity framework proved useful for unpacking experimental outcomes in terms of diversity-mediated mechanisms, however it requires further development before it can be used to facilitate multi-objective optimization.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : diversification, services écosystémiques, agroécosystème, biodiversité, système de culture, lutte biologique, agroécologie, maladie des plantes, culture en bande, Triticum aestivum, culture en mélange, culture intercalaire

Mots-clés libres : Diversity and ecosystem, Arable farm, Strip cropping, Intercropping, Ecological intensification, Disease mitigation, Biological pest control

Classification Agris : F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture

Champ stratégique Cirad : CTS 2 (2019-) - Transitions agroécologiques

Agences de financement européennes : European Commission

Programme de financement européen : H2020

Projets sur financement : (EU) Diversification through Rotation, Intercropping, Multiple cropping, Promoted with Actors and value-Chains Towards Sustainability

Auteurs et affiliations

• Ditzler Lenora, Wageningen University and Research Centre (NLD) - auteur correspondant
• van Apeldoorn Dirk, Wageningen University and Research Centre (NLD)
• Schulte Rogier P.O., Wageningen University and Research Centre (NLD)
• Tittonell Pablo, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR AIDA (FRA)
• Rossing Walter A.H., Wageningen University and Research Centre (NLD)

Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/601236/)

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