Genome-wide footprints in the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua) unveil a new domestication pattern of a fruit tree in the Mediterranean

Baumel Alex, Feliner Gonzalo Nieto, Médail Frédéric, La Malfa Stefano, Di Guardo Mario, Bou Dagher Kharrat Magda, Lakhal-Mirleau Fatima, Frelon Valentine, Ouahmane Lahcen, Diadema Katia, Sanguin Hervé, Viruel Juan. 2022. Genome-wide footprints in the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua) unveil a new domestication pattern of a fruit tree in the Mediterranean. Molecular Ecology, 31 (15) : 4095-4111.

Url - jeu de données - Entrepôt autre : https://doi .org/10.5061/dryad.k7m020r / Url - jeu de données - Entrepôt autre : https://osf.io/t5m8y/

Liste HCERES des revues (en SHS) : oui

Thème(s) HCERES des revues (en SHS) : Psychologie-éthologie-ergonomie

Résumé : Intense research efforts over the last two decades renewed our understanding of plant phylogeography and domestication in the Mediterranean basin. We aim to investigate the evolutionary history and the origin of domestication of the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua), which has been cultivated for millennia for food and fodder. We used >1000 microsatellite genotypes to delimit seven carob evolutionary units (CEUs). We investigated genome-wide diversity and evolutionary patterns of the CEUs with 3557 SNPs generated by restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RADseq). To address the complex wild vs. cultivated status of sampled trees, we classified 56 sampled populations across the Mediterranean basin as wild, semi-natural or cultivated. Nuclear and cytoplasmic loci were identified from RADseq data and separated for analyses. Phylogenetic analyses of these genomic-wide data allowed us to resolve west-to-east expansions from a single long-term refugium likely located in the foothills of the High Atlas Mountains near the Atlantic coast. Our findings support multiple origins of domestication with a low impact on the genetic diversity at range wide level. The carob was mostly domesticated from locally selected wild genotypes and scattered long-distance westward dispersals of domesticated varieties by humans, concomitant with major historical migrations by Romans, Greeks and Arabs. Ex-situ efforts to preserve carob genetic resources should prioritize accessions from both western and eastern populations, with emphasis on the most differentiated CEUs situated in Southwest Morocco, South Spain and Eastern Mediterranean. Our study highlights the relevance of wild and seminatural habitats in the conservation of genetic resources for cultivated trees.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : domestication des plantes, génome, Ceratonia siliqua, biogéographie, variation génétique, microsatellite, phytogénétique, ressource génétique végétale

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : région méditerranéenne

Mots-clés libres : Domestication, Ceratonia siliqua, RADseq, Biogeography, Genetic diversity, Microsatellite, Origin, Phylogeography

Classification Agris : F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes
F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie

Champ stratégique Cirad : CTS 1 (2019-) - Biodiversité

Auteurs et affiliations

• Baumel Alex, IMBE (FRA) - auteur correspondant
• Feliner Gonzalo Nieto, Real Jardin Botanico (ESP)
• Médail Frédéric, IMBE (FRA)
• La Malfa Stefano, University of Catania (ITA)
• Di Guardo Mario, University of Catania (ITA)
• Bou Dagher Kharrat Magda, Université Saint-Joseph (LBN)
• Lakhal-Mirleau Fatima, Université Aix-Marseille (FRA)
• Frelon Valentine, Université Aix-Marseille (FRA)
• Ouahmane Lahcen, Université Cadi Ayyad (MAR)
• Diadema Katia, Conservatoire Botanique National Méditerranéen de Porquerolles (FRA)
• Sanguin Hervé, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR PHIM (FRA)
• Viruel Juan, Royal Botanic Garden (GBR)

Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/601277/)

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