The genetic history of Mayotte and Madagascar cattle breeds mirrors the complex pattern of human exchanges in Western Indian Ocean

Magnier Jessica, Druet Tom, Naves Michel, Ouvrard Mélissa, Raoul Solène, Janelle Jérôme, Moazami-Goudarzi Katayoun, Lesnoff Matthieu, Tillard Emmanuel, Gautier Mathieu, Flori Laurence. 2022. The genetic history of Mayotte and Madagascar cattle breeds mirrors the complex pattern of human exchanges in Western Indian Ocean. G3 - Genes Genomes Genetics, 12 (4):jkac029, 14 p.

https://doi.org/10.1093/g3journal/jkac029

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Url - jeu de données - Entrepôt autre : http://widde.toulouse.inra.fr/widde/ / Url - jeu de données - Entrepôt autre : https://doi.org/10.15454/IQL6GE / Url - jeu de données - Entrepôt autre : https://data.inrae.fr/

Résumé : Despite their central economic and cultural role, the origin of cattle populations living in Indian Ocean islands still remains poorly documented. Here, we unravel the demographic and adaptive histories of the extant Zebus from the Mayotte and Madagascar islands using high-density SNP genotyping data. We found that these populations are very closely related and both display a predominant indicine ancestry. They diverged in the 16th century at the arrival of European people who transformed the trade network in the area. Their common ancestral cattle population originates from an admixture between an admixed African zebu population and an Indian zebu that occurred around the 12th century at the time of the earliest contacts between human African populations of the Swahili corridor and Austronesian people from Southeast Asia in Comoros and Madagascar. A steep increase in the estimated population sizes from the beginning of the 16th to the 17th century coincides with the expansion of the cattle trade. By carrying out genome scans for recent selection in the two cattle populations from Mayotte and Madagascar, we identified sets of candidate genes involved in biological functions (cancer, skin structure, and UV-protection, nervous system and behavior, organ development, metabolism, and immune response) broadly representative of the physiological adaptation to tropical conditions. Overall, the origin of the cattle populations from Western Indian Ocean islands mirrors the complex history of human migrations and trade in this area.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : génétique des populations, bovin, zébu, génotype, provenance, adaptation physiologique, adaptation, histoire, dynamique des populations

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : Mayotte, Madagascar, France, Comores, océan Indien, La Réunion

Mots-clés libres : Cattle, Genomics, Demography, Adapatation, Indian Ocean

Agences de financement européennes : European Commission

Agences de financement hors UE : Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement

Projets sur financement : (FRA) Développement durable des filières de ruminants et de volailles à Mayotte : Santé des élevages et caractérisation et valorisation des ressources génétiques animales, (FRA) SELTRYP, AIP-Bioressources, (FRA) PERSAFRICA

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