Ethnolinguistic and genetic diversity of fonio (Digitaria exilis) in Senegal

Magatte Diop Baye, Gueye Mame Codou, Leclerc Christian, Deu Monique, Zekraoui Leïla, Calatayud Caroline, Rivallan Ronan, Kaly Justin Raymond, Cissé Momar, Piquet Marie, Diack Omar, Ngom Ablaye, Berger Angélique, Ndoye Ibrahima, Ndir Khadidiatou, Vigouroux Yves, Kane Ndjido Ardo, Barnaud Adeline, Billot Claire. 2023. Ethnolinguistic and genetic diversity of fonio (Digitaria exilis) in Senegal. Plants, People, Planet, 13 p.

Url - jeu de données - Entrepôt autre : https://doi.org/10.23708/5WDKS1

Résumé : Societal Impact Statement Fonio (Digitaria exilis—Kippist—Stapf) is a neglected cereal crop that plays a crucial role in the food and nutritional security of sub-Saharan populations. Currently threatened with extinction in many countries, fonio, like other minor species, could help give insights into the history of African agriculture and provide clues to past social interactions. Highlighting and preserving genetic diversity that can be used to develop improved varieties improves food security. By recognizing the role of indigenous people and local communities (IPLCs) in agrobiodiversity creation and management, this study provides support for strengthening the rights of rural communities and promoting their food and seed sovereignty as outlined in the United Nations UNDROP Declaration. Summary Fonio (Digitaria exilis) is a neglected cereal crop that plays a crucial role in the food and nutritional security of sub-Saharan populations. It is an excellent candidate to diversify agricultural and food systems beyond Africa because of its adaptability and hardiness. However, fonio is threatened with extinction and the factors that organize its genetic diversity remain unknown, despite the fact that this knowledge is necessary to define conservation strategies and uses to achieve sustainable agriculture. Here, we combined social anthropology and population genetics analysis of 158 fonio landraces, thereby generating insight into the genetic diversity, population structure and evolutionary history of fonio cultivation in Senegal. We noted a spatial structure of genetic diversity at two embedded levels, with the first corresponding to the genetic differentiation between ethnic groups and the second to the demographic history of the Mande and Atlantic Congo linguistic families. Selection and seed exchange practices have contributed to shaping fonio genetic diversity at the ethnic level, while the migration of Fulani people over the last 500 years has fragmented the Mandinka kingdom, hence leaving a fonio diversity imprint. Our study highlighted that social factors are pivotal in structuring diversity and should be taken into greater consideration in research and conservation projects to dovetail local and regional scales. It also showed that neglected species such as fonio—which are seldom used in breeding and dissemination programmes—are key markers of the history of African agriculture.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : Digitaria exilis, variation génétique, sécurité alimentaire, groupe éthnique, génétique des populations

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : Sénégal

Mots-clés libres : Agrobiodiversity, Biocultural diversity, Climate Change, Human migration, Neglected and Underutilized Species

Classification Agris : F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes
F01 - Culture des plantes
U70 - Sciences humaines et sociales

Champ stratégique Cirad : CTS 2 (2019-) - Transitions agroécologiques

Agences de financement hors UE : Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricole, West African Agricultural Productivity Program

Auteurs et affiliations

• Magatte Diop Baye, CERAAS (SEN) - auteur correspondant
• Gueye Mame Codou, CERAAS (SEN)
• Leclerc Christian, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR AGAP (FRA)
• Deu Monique, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR AGAP (FRA)
• Zekraoui Leïla, IRD (FRA)
• Calatayud Caroline, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR AGAP (FRA)
• Rivallan Ronan, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR AGAP (FRA)
• Kaly Justin Raymond, UCAD (SEN)
• Cissé Momar, UCAD (SEN)
• Piquet Marie, IRD (FRA)
• Diack Omar, UCAD (SEN)
• Ngom Ablaye, UCAD (SEN)
• Berger Angélique, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR AGAP (FRA)
• Ndoye Ibrahima, UCAD (SEN)
• Ndir Khadidiatou, ENSA (SEN)
• Vigouroux Yves, IRD (FRA)
• Kane Ndjido Ardo, CERAAS (SEN)
• Barnaud Adeline, IRD (FRA)
• Billot Claire, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR AGAP (FRA)

Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/606255/)

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