2,4-D induction of somaclonal variations in in vitro grown date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L. cv Barhee)

Baklouti Emna, Beulé Thierry, Nasri Ameni, Ben Romdhane Walid, Drira Riadh, Doulbeau Sylvie, Rival Alain, Drira Noureddine, Fki Lotfi. 2022. 2,4-D induction of somaclonal variations in in vitro grown date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L. cv Barhee). Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 150 (1) : 191-205.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-022-02259-8

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Résumé : The present study is a part of a program designed at improving the date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L. cv. Barhee, through induced somaclonal variation. In this work, caulogenic cultures were subcultured on MS media supplemented with 0, 1, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg L−1 2,4-D in order to induce genetic and epigenetic variations. The highest doses of 2,4-D were found to induce severe negative effects on in vitro cultures, although some tissues were able to survive and to produce calli with high morphogenetic capacities. Our analysis showed some significant effect of 2,4-D on several physiological parameters. Indeed, chlorophyll and growth rates were found to drastically decrease while proline content increased from 535 to 2973 nmol g−1 FW when 40 mg L−1 2,4-D were used. In vitro cultures showed several signs of oxidative stress, such as high levels of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde; likewise, the specific activity of several antioxidant enzyme was found to increase. Plant regeneration from in vitro cultures treated with 2,4-D was obtained after subculturing explants onto PGR-free media. The ISSR analysis of 2,4-D-treated material showed that this plant growth regulator (PGR) induced measurable genetic variations. The global DNA methylation rates (GMR) as estimated through the HPLC analysis of nucleosides also confirmed the presence of epigenetic changes caused by 2,4-D as GMRs increased from 13.8 to 18.93%.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : culture in vitro, 2,4-d, Phoenix dactylifera, variation somaclonale, régénération in vitro, variation génétique, antioxydant, activité enzymatique, substance de croissance végétale

Mots-clés libres : Phoenix dactylifera, DNA methylation, Somaclonal variation, ISSR markers, Plant growth regulators, Regeneration

Classification Agris : F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes
F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale

Champ stratégique Cirad : CTS 2 (2019-) - Transitions agroécologiques

Agences de financement européennes : European Cooperation in Science and Technology

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