Realized genetic gain in rice: Achievements from breeding programs

Seck Fallou, Covarrubias-Pazaran Giovanny, Gueye Tala, Bartholome Jérôme. 2023. Realized genetic gain in rice: Achievements from breeding programs. Rice, 16:61, 22 p.

Résumé : Genetic improvement is crucial for ensuring food security globally. Indeed, plant breeding has contributed significantly to increasing the productivity of major crops, including rice, over the last century. Evaluating the efficiency of breeding strategies necessitates a quantification of this progress. One approach involves assessing the genetic gain achieved through breeding programs based on quantitative traits. This study aims to provide a theoretical understanding of genetic gain, summarize the major results of genetic gain studies in rice breeding, and suggest ways of improving breeding program strategies and future studies on genetic gain. To achieve this, we present the concept of genetic gain and the essential aspects of its estimation. We also provide an extensive literature review of genetic gain studies in rice (Oryza sativa L.) breeding programs to understand the advances made to date. We reviewed 29 studies conducted between 1999 and 2023, covering different regions, traits, periods, and estimation methods. The genetic gain for grain yield, in particular, showed significant variation, ranging from 1.5 to 167.6 kg/ha/year, with a mean value of 36.3 kg/ha/year. This translated into a rate of genetic gain for grain yield ranging from 0.1% to over 3.0%. The impact of multi-trait selection on grain yield was clarified by studies that reported genetic gains for other traits, such as plant height, days to flowering, and grain quality. These findings reveal that while breeding programs have achieved significant gains, further improvements are necessary to meet the growing demand for rice. We also highlight the limitations of these studies, which hinder accurate estimations of genetic gain. In conclusion, we offer suggestions for improving the estimation of genetic gain based on quantitative genetic principles and computer simulations to optimize rice breeding strategies.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : amélioration des plantes, Oryza sativa, amélioration génétique, caractère agronomique, gain génétique, variation génétique, sélection, phytogénétique, génétique des populations, méthode statistique, rendement des cultures, essai de variété, évaluation des ressources, génétique quantitative, Oryza

Mots-clés libres : Riz, Gain génétique

Classification Agris : F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes

Champ stratégique Cirad : CTS 2 (2019-) - Transitions agroécologiques

Agences de financement hors UE : Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

Projets sur financement : (USA) Accelerated Genetic Gain in Rice

Auteurs et affiliations

• Seck Fallou, IRRI [International Rice Research Institute] (PHL)
• Covarrubias-Pazaran Giovanny, IRRI [International Rice Research Institute] (PHL)
• Gueye Tala, Université Iba Der Thiam de Thiès (SEN)
• Bartholome Jérôme, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR AGAP (COL) ORCID: 0000-0002-0855-3828 - auteur correspondant

Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/607804/)

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