Uncovering the endemic circulation of rabies in Cambodia

Layan Maylis, Dacheux Laurent, Lemey Philippe, Brunker Kirstyn, Ma Laurence, Troupin Cécile, Dussart Philippe, Chevalier Véronique, Wood James L.N., Ly Sowath, Duong Veasna, Bourhy Hervé, Dellicour Simon. 2023. Uncovering the endemic circulation of rabies in Cambodia. Molecular Ecology, 32 (18) : 5140-5155.

https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.17087

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Liste HCERES des revues (en SHS) : oui

Thème(s) HCERES des revues (en SHS) : Psychologie-éthologie-ergonomie

Résumé : In epidemiology, endemicity characterizes sustained pathogen circulation in a geographical area, which involves a circulation that is not being maintained by external introductions. Because it could potentially shape the design of public health interventions, there is an interest in fully uncovering the endemic pattern of a disease. Here, we use a phylogeographic approach to investigate the endemic signature of rabies virus (RABV) circulation in Cambodia. Cambodia is located in one of the most affected regions by rabies in the world, but RABV circulation between and within Southeast Asian countries remains understudied. Our analyses are based on a new comprehensive data set of 199 RABV genomes collected between 2014 and 2017 as well as previously published Southeast Asian RABV sequences. We show that most Cambodian sequences belong to a distinct clade that has been circulating almost exclusively in Cambodia. Our results thus point towards rabies circulation in Cambodia that does not rely on external introductions. We further characterize within-Cambodia RABV circulation by estimating lineage dispersal metrics that appear to be similar to other settings, and by performing landscape phylogeographic analyses to investigate environmental factors impacting the dispersal dynamic of viral lineages. The latter analyses do not lead to the identification of environmental variables that would be associated with the heterogeneity of viral lineage dispersal velocities, which calls for a better understanding of local dog ecology and further investigations of the potential drivers of RABV spread in the region. Overall, our study illustrates how phylogeographic investigations can be performed to assess and characterize viral endemicity in a context of relatively limited data.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : épidémiologie, transmission des maladies, chien, santé publique, rage, phylogénie, évaluation de l'impact, facteur du milieu

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : Cambodge

Mots-clés libres : Cambodia, Endemicity, Phylogeography, Rabies, RABV

Classification Agris : L73 - Maladies des animaux
S50 - Santé humaine

Champ stratégique Cirad : CTS 4 (2019-) - Santé des plantes, des animaux et des écosystèmes

Agences de financement européennes : European Commission

Agences de financement hors UE : Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS

Programme de financement européen : H2020

Projets sur financement : (EU) MOnitoring Outbreak events for Disease surveillance in a data science context

Auteurs et affiliations