Challenges of rabies surveillance in Madagascar based on a mixed method survey amongst veterinary health officers

Dreyfus Anou, Volasoa Marie Hermelienne, Guis Hélène, Razafindraibe Nivohanitra Perle, Razafindramparany Mino Harimbola, Arivony Lalaina, Rakotondrabe Manohisoa, Andriamananjara Mamitiana Aimé, Dussart Philippe, Kassie Daouda, Lacoste Vincent, Andriamandimby Soa Fy. 2024. Challenges of rabies surveillance in Madagascar based on a mixed method survey amongst veterinary health officers. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 11:1270547, 12 p.

Url - jeu de données - Entrepôt autre : https://figshare.com/collections/Challenges_of_rabies_surveillance_in_Madagascar_based_on_a_mixed_method_survey_amongst_veterinary_health_officers/7095253

Résumé : Introduction: In Madagascar, rabies is endemic and a notifiable disease. The objective of this mixed study was to understand the challenges faced by the Veterinary Health Officers (VHOs) in the current rabies surveillance system in Madagascar. Methods: A survey was conducted from mid-April to the end of July 2021 during which all officially-listed VHOs (N = 150) were contacted by phone at least twice. Participants, representative of the 22 regions of Madagascar, were interviewed by phone based on a semi-structured questionnaire on (1) their knowledge of rabies epidemiology in their area of activities, (2) the occurrence of human and animal rabies and the species affected in the region where they work, (3) the factors that might influence rabies surveillance depending on (a) their activities and area of operation, (b) the socio-cultural aspects of local communities, and (c) the general organization of animal rabies surveillance. Results: The majority (80/90) of VHOs declared having been informed of at least one suspected or confirmed case of human and/or animal rabies in their area of activity during their work as VHOs: at least once a month for 11 of them, at least once a year for 40 and with undetermined frequency for 29. Several obstacles hinder the surveillance of rabies resulting in under-reporting. The lack of funds to access suspect animals, collect, pack and ship samples in compliance with biosecurity measures and the cold chain, was mentioned as a major obstacle to surveillance. The second barrier is socio-cultural: in many large coastal regions, dogs are taboo and VHOs fear rejection by the community if they treat dogs. Discussion and conclusion: While the general population requires information on the rabies situation in Madagascar and on how to proceed in the event of a bite, veterinarians and decision-makers need to be fully aware of an evidence-based approach to rabies surveillance, prevention and control. Communication between the human and animal health sectors should be improved. Politicians need to be persuaded of the importance of funding to eliminate rabies in Madagascar. The adoption, in early 2023, of a national strategic plan for rabies control is a first step in this direction.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : surveillance épidémiologique, rage, épidémiologie, chien, Enquête pathologique, contrôle de maladies, santé publique, enquête sanitaire, zoonose, hygiène de la viande, prophylaxie des maladies, biosécurité, approche participative, bétail

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : Madagascar

Mots-clés libres : Rabies, Surveillance, Veterinary health officer, Zoonosis, One health surveillance, Madagascar, Dog-mediated rabies

Classification Agris : L73 - Maladies des animaux
S50 - Santé humaine

Champ stratégique Cirad : CTS 4 (2019-) - Santé des plantes, des animaux et des écosystèmes

Auteurs et affiliations

• Dreyfus Anou, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar (MDG) - auteur correspondant
• Volasoa Marie Hermelienne, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar (MDG)
• Guis Hélène, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR ASTRE (KHM) ORCID: 0000-0002-0355-0898
• Razafindraibe Nivohanitra Perle, DSV (MDG)
• Razafindramparany Mino Harimbola, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar (MDG)
• Arivony Lalaina, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar (MDG)
• Rakotondrabe Manohisoa, DSV (MDG)
• Andriamananjara Mamitiana Aimé, DSV (MDG)
• Dussart Philippe, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar (MDG)
• Kassie Daouda, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR ASTRE (MDG) ORCID: 0000-0001-6340-9610
• Lacoste Vincent, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar (MDG)
• Andriamandimby Soa Fy, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar (MDG) - auteur correspondant

Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/608649/)

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