Enhancing tree performance through species mixing: Review of a quarter-century of TreeDivNet experiments reveals research gaps and practical insights

Depauw Leen, De Lombaerde Emiel, Dhiedt Els, Blondeel Haben, Abdala-Roberts Luis, Auge Harald, Barsoum Nadia, Bauhus Jürgen, Chu Chengjin, Damtew Abebe, Eisenhauer Nico, Fagundes Marina V., Ganade Gislene, Gendreau-Berthiaume Benoit, Godbold Douglas L., Gravel Dominique, Guillemot Joannès, Hajek Peter, Hector Andrew, Herault Bruno, Jactel Hervé, Koricheva Julia, Kreft Holger, Liu Xiaojuan, Mereu Simone, Messier Christian, Muys Bart, Nock Charles A., Paquette Alain, Parker John D., Parker William C., Paterno Gustavo B., Perring Michael P., Ponette Quentin, Potvin Catherine, Reich Peter B., Rewald Boris, Scherer-Lorenzen Michael, Schnabel Florian, Sousa-Silva Rita, Weih Martin, Zemp Delphine Clara, Verheyen Kris, Baeten Lander. 2024. Enhancing tree performance through species mixing: Review of a quarter-century of TreeDivNet experiments reveals research gaps and practical insights. Current Forestry Reports, 10 : 1-20.

Résumé : Purpose of Review: International ambitions for massive afforestation and restoration are high. To make these investments sustainable and resilient under future climate change, science is calling for a shift from planting monocultures to mixed forests. But what is the scientific basis for promoting diverse plantations, and what is the feasibility of their establishment and management? As the largest global network of tree diversity experiments, TreeDivNet is uniquely positioned to answer these pressing questions. Building on 428 peer-reviewed TreeDivNet studies, combined with the results of a questionnaire completed by managers of 32 TreeDivNet sites, we aimed to answer the following questions: (i) How and where have TreeDivNet experiments enabled the relationship between tree diversity and tree performance (including productivity, survival, and pathogen damage) to be studied, and what has been learned? (ii) What are the remaining key knowledge gaps in our understanding of the relationship between tree diversity and tree performance? and (iii) What practical insights can be gained from the TreeDivNet experiments for operational, real-world forest plantations? Recent Findings: We developed a conceptual framework that identifies the variety of pathways through which target tree performance is related to local neighbourhood diversity and mapped the research efforts for each of those pathways. Experimental research on forest mixtures has focused primarily on direct tree diversity effects on productivity, with generally positive effects of species and functional diversity on productivity. Fewer studies focused on indirect effects mediated via biotic growing conditions (e.g. soil microbes and herbivores) and resource availability and uptake. Most studies examining light uptake found positive effects of species diversity. For pests and diseases, the evidence points mostly towards lower levels of infection for target trees when growing in mixed plantations. Tree diversity effects on the abiotic growing conditions (e.g. microclimate, soil properties) and resource-use efficiency have been less well studied to date. The majority of tree diversity experiments are situated in temperate forests, while (sub)tropical forests, and boreal forests in particular, remain underrepresented. Summary: TreeDivNet provides evidence in favour of mixing tree species to increase tree productivity while identifying a variety of different processes that drive these diversity effects. The design, scale, age, and management of TreeDivNet experiments reflect their focus on fundamental research questions pertaining to tree diversity-ecosystem function relationships and this scientific focus complicates translation of findings into direct practical management guidelines. Future research could focus on (i) filling the knowledge gaps related to underlying processes of tree diversity effects to better design plantation schemes, (ii) identifying optimal species mixtures, and (iii) developing practical approaches to make experimental mixed plantings more management oriented.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : changement climatique, forêt tropicale, biodiversité, plantation forestière, impact sur l'environnement, culture en mélange, régénération naturelle, étude de cas, gestion des ressources naturelles, plantations, forêt mélangée, population rurale, reconstitution forestière, résilience des forêts

Mots-clés libres : Mixed forest plantations, Tree diversity, TreeDivNet, Tree performance, Productivity, Afforestation

Classification Agris : K10 - Production forestière
K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales

Champ stratégique Cirad : CTS 2 (2019-) - Transitions agroécologiques

Agences de financement hors UE : Biodiversa+, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Austrian Science Fund, Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas, Fondation BNP Paribas

Projets sur financement : (FRA) Mixed Forest plantations for climate Change mitigation and adaptation., (FRA) CAMBIO

Auteurs et affiliations

• Depauw Leen, Ghent University (BEL) - auteur correspondant
• De Lombaerde Emiel, Ghent University (BEL) - auteur correspondant
• Dhiedt Els, Ghent University (BEL)
• Blondeel Haben, Ghent University (BEL)
• Abdala-Roberts Luis, UADY (MEX)
• Auge Harald, iDiv (DEU)
• Barsoum Nadia, Forest Research (GBR)
• Bauhus Jürgen, Universität Freiburg (DEU)
• Chu Chengjin, Sun Yat-Sen University (CHN)
• Damtew Abebe, KUL (BEL)
• Eisenhauer Nico, iDiv (DEU)
• Fagundes Marina V., Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (BRA)
• Ganade Gislene, UFRGS (BRA)
• Gendreau-Berthiaume Benoit, Université du Québec en Outaouais (CAN)
• Godbold Douglas L., BOKU (AUT)
• Gravel Dominique, Université de Sherbrooke (CAN)
• Guillemot Joannès, CIRAD-PERSYST-UMR Eco&Sols (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0003-4385-7656
• Hajek Peter, Universität Freiburg (DEU)
• Hector Andrew, University of Oxford (GBR)
• Herault Bruno, CIRAD-ES-UPR Forêts et sociétés (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0002-6950-7286
• Jactel Hervé, INRAE (FRA)
• Koricheva Julia, Royal Holloway University of London (GBR)
• Kreft Holger, University of Goettingen (DEU)
• Liu Xiaojuan, CAS (CHN)
• Mereu Simone, CNR-IBE (ITA)
• Messier Christian, Université du Québec (CAN)
• Muys Bart, KUL (BEL)
• Nock Charles A., University of Alberta (CAN)
• Paquette Alain, Université du Québec (CAN)
• Parker John D., Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (USA)
• Parker William C., Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (CAN)
• Paterno Gustavo B., University of Göttingen (DEU)
• Perring Michael P., University of Western Australia (AUS)
• Ponette Quentin, UCL (BEL)
• Potvin Catherine, McGill University (CAN)
• Reich Peter B., University of Minnesota (USA)
• Rewald Boris, Mendel University (CZE)
• Scherer-Lorenzen Michael, Universität Freiburg (DEU)
• Schnabel Florian, University of Leipzig (DEU)
• Sousa-Silva Rita, Universitaet Freiburg (DEU)
• Weih Martin, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SWE)
• Zemp Delphine Clara, Université de Neuchâtel (CHE)
• Verheyen Kris, Ghent University (BEL)
• Baeten Lander, Ghent University (BEL)

Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/608885/)

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