Boosting tomato resilience in Tanzania: Grafting to combat bacterial wilt and abiotic stress

Msabila Shem Elias, Nordey Thibault, Ernest Zablon, Mlowe Nickson, Manickam Ravishankar, Ramasamy Srinivasan, Huat Joël. 2024. Boosting tomato resilience in Tanzania: Grafting to combat bacterial wilt and abiotic stress. Horticulturae, 10 (4), n.spéc. Studies on Biotic and Abiotic Stress Responses of Horticultural Plants:338, 17 p.

https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10040338

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Résumé : The grafting technique has successfully mitigated crop losses from diseases and stress in vegetable production; however, vegetable grafting in Tanzania is very limited. Field and greenhouse experiments conducted in Tanzania's mainland and islands compared the response of tomato determinate cv. 'Tanya' to production challenges when ungrafted and grafted onto five tomato rootstocks ('Hawaii 7796', 'Tengeru 1997', 'Tengeru 2010', 'R3034', and 'Shelter'), one eggplant variety ('EG 203'), and one wild Solanum species (Solanum elaeagnifolium). The visual symptoms of bacterial wilt varied significantly with location and season, ranging from 8 to 100%, attributed to varying bacterial wilt pressures and strains of Ralstonia solanacearum isolated (Phylotype I sequevars 17, 18, and 31). 'EG203' and 'Hawaii 7796' emerged as the most effective rootstocks, reducing wilting by 49.8 and 51.0% and improving yield by 57.2% and 27.7% on average across experiments conducted in three locations (Moshi, Pemba, and Unguja) over two seasons. Combining reduced water supply with grafting resulted in an average reduction in wilting of 76%, while also boosting yields by an average of 3.6 times in experiments conducted in Arusha over two seasons. Grafting onto 'Hawaii 7796' and 'Shelter' significantly improved 'Tanya' yields by 38.3% and 41.6% on average over two seasons, only under standard nutrient application rates. While certain rootstocks improved crop performance, yields across various sites and seasons were significantly hampered by pest pressure. These findings support grafting's potential to mitigate damage from common stresses, emphasizing the need for further research to identify suitable rootstocks for optimizing returns on investments in grafted plants in Tanzania.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : Ralstonia solanacearum, greffage, Solanum lycopersicum, Solanum elaeagnifolium, porte greffe, maladie bactérienne, tomate, maladie des plantes, flétrissement, expérimentation au champ

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : République-Unie de Tanzanie

Mots-clés libres : Tomato grafting, Abiotic stress, Biotic stress, Water deficit, Ralstonia solanacearum, Tanzania

Classification Agris : H20 - Maladies des plantes
H50 - Troubles divers des plantes
F02 - Multiplication végétative des plantes

Champ stratégique Cirad : CTS 4 (2019-) - Santé des plantes, des animaux et des écosystèmes

Agences de financement hors UE : Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit, AVRDC - The World Vegetable Center, Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, United States Agency for International Development, Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research

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