Diachronic assessment of soil organic C and N dynamics under long-term no-till cropping systems in the tropical upland of Cambodia

Leng Vira, Cardinael Rémi, Tivet Florent, Seng Vang, Mark Phearum, Lienhard Pascal, Filloux Titouan, Six Johan, Hok Lyda, Boulakia Stéphane, Briedis Clever, De Moraes Sá João Carlos, Thuriès Laurent. 2024. Diachronic assessment of soil organic C and N dynamics under long-term no-till cropping systems in the tropical upland of Cambodia. Soil, 10 (2) : 699-725.

Url - jeu de données - Dataverse Cirad : https://doi.org/10.18167/DVN1/NNBBAQ

Résumé : No-till (NT) cropping systems have been proposed as a strategy to combat soil degradation by storing soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN). We quantified the impacts of NT cropping systems on the changes in SOC and TN stocks and in particulate and mineral-associated organic matter fractions (POM and MAOM), to 100 cm depth, from three 13-year-old experiments in a tropical red Oxisol in Cambodia using diachronic and equivalent soil mass approaches. Established in 2009 and arranged in a randomized complete-block design with triplicates, the experiments included maize (MaiEx)-, soybean (SoyEx)-, and cassava (CasEx)-based cropping systems. Each experiment comprised three treatments: (1) mono-cropping of main crops (maize, soybean, and cassava) under conventional tillage (CTM); (2) mono-cropping of main crops under NT systems with the use of cover crops (NTM); and (3) bi-annual rotation of main crops under NT systems with the use of cover crops (NTR), with both crops being presented every year and represented by NTR1 and NTR2. Soil samples were collected in 2021, 10 years after the last sampling. All the NT systems significantly (p<0.05) increased SOC stock in the topsoil in SoyEx and MaiEx and down to 40 cm in CasEx. Considering the whole profile (0–100 cm), the SOC accumulation rates ranged from 0.86 to 1.47 and from 0.70 to 1.07 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 in MaiEx and CasEx, respectively. Although SOC stock significantly increased in CTM at 0–20 cm in MaiEx and CasEx, it remained stable at 0–100 cm in all the experiments. At 0–5 cm, NTR systems significantly increased TN stock in all the experiments, while, in NTM systems, it was only significant in MaiEx and SoyEx. At 0–100 cm, TN stock in all the experiments remained stable under NTR systems, whereas a significant decrease was observed under NTM systems in SoyEx and CasEx. Although C-POM stock significantly increased under all NT systems limited to 0–10 cm in MaiEx and SoyEx, all the NT systems significantly increased C-MAOM stock in the 0–10 cm layer in MaiEx and SoyEx and down to 40 cm in CasEx. All the NT systems significantly increased N-POM stock at 0–10 cm in MaiEx and SoyEx, while a significant decreased in N-MAOM stock was observed below 5 cm in CasEx and below 40 cm in MaiEx and SoyEx. Our findings showed that long-term NT systems with crop species diversification accumulated SOC not only on the surface but also in the whole profile by increasing SOC in both the POM and MAOM, even in the cassava-based system. This study highlights the potential of NT systems for storing SOC over time but raises questions about soil N dynamics.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : fertilisation, système de culture, matière organique du sol, dégradation du sol, séquestration du carbone, carbone organique du sol, diversification, plante de couverture, non-travail du sol

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : Cambodge

Mots-clés libres : Conservation agriculture, Soil organic carbon, Climate change mitigation, Cover crops, Agroecology

Classification Agris : P33 - Chimie et physique du sol
F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture

Champ stratégique Cirad : CTS 2 (2019-) - Transitions agroécologiques

Agences de financement européennes : European Commission

Agences de financement hors UE : Agence Française de Développement, Direction Générale de l'environnement, Fonds Français pour l'Environnement Mondial

Projets sur financement : (FRA) Agroecological and Safe Food System Transitions

Auteurs et affiliations

• Leng Vira, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR AIDA (FRA) - auteur correspondant
• Cardinael Rémi, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR AIDA (ZWE) ORCID: 0000-0002-9924-3269
• Tivet Florent, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR AIDA (KHM) ORCID: 0000-0002-1179-8703
• Seng Vang, GDA (KHM)
• Mark Phearum, GDA (KHM)
• Lienhard Pascal, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR AIDA (VNM) ORCID: 0000-0002-6776-625X
• Filloux Titouan, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR AIDA (KHM)
• Six Johan, ETH (CHE)
• Hok Lyda, Royal University of Agriculture (KHM)
• Boulakia Stéphane, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR AIDA (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0003-4331-1207
• Briedis Clever, UFV (BRA)
• De Moraes Sá João Carlos, The Ohio State University (USA)
• Thuriès Laurent, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR Recyclage et risque (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0002-1365-7891

Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/610623/)

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