Biofuels from cashew nut shells for diesel engines: A comparative review

Gwoda Sabba, dit Sadio Sidibé Sayon, Piriou Bruno, Blin Joël, Ouédraogo Igor W.K.. 2025. Biofuels from cashew nut shells for diesel engines: A comparative review. Next Research, 2 (2):100227, 13 p.

Résumé : Amidst growing concerns regarding energy supply and environmental degradation, biofuels from cashew nut shells (CNS) are emerging as promising alternatives to petrodiesel. However, some inherent issues exist with cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) properties for direct use in diesel engines. This review analyses the current developments in improving the fuel properties of CNSL as fuel for diesel engines. Furthermore, the fuel characteristics of the CNSL biofuels and the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines powered by biofuels (and blends) are investigated. Current developments for improving the fuel properties of CNSL, such as vacuum catalytic and thermal cracking, involve the production of biofuels with properties that match those of diesel fuels. This review shows that up to 20% (v/v) biofuel achieves a performance similar to that of diesel. CNSL biofuels may require modification of injection pressure and injection timing of the engine and preheating of the fuel. Further, fuel blends with up to 20% CNSL, at an injection pressure of 20 MPa or preheated to 70°C (injection timing of 19° before top dead centre), successfully yielded high thermal efficiencies (up to 29.32%) in diesel engines, alongside lower emission characteristics. The current development for producing CNSL biofuels necessitates high temperatures, thereby increasing operational costs. This review suggests technical CNSL as a potential substitute for heavy fuel oil in low-speed stationary diesel engines or boilers. This could help reduce the environmental impact of cashew nutshell and the dependence of processing units on petroleum products.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : biocarburant, propriété technologique, moteur diésel, noix de cajou, composition chimique, propriété physicochimique, énergie renouvelable, carburant diésel

Mots-clés libres : Cashew nutshell liquid, Biofuel, Distilled technical CNSL, Thermally cracked CNSL, Fuel blends, Diesel engine

Agences de financement hors UE : German Academic Exchange Service

Auteurs et affiliations

• Gwoda Sabba, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR BioWooEB (FRA)
• dit Sadio Sidibé Sayon, 2IE (BFA)
• Piriou Bruno, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR BioWooEB (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0001-5780-3216
• Blin Joël, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR BioWooEB (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0001-6715-2453
• Ouédraogo Igor W.K., 2IE (BFA)

Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/612499/)

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