Unexpected microbial diversity in new Caledonia's ultramafic ecosystems with conservation implications in a biodiversity hotspot

Ripoll Julie, Stenger Pierre-Louis, Fernandez Nuñez Nicolas, Demenois Julien, Stokes Alexia, Gourmelon Véronique, Dinh Kelly, Robert Nadia, Drouin Julien, Mournet Pierre, Leopold Audrey, Read Jennifer, Gardes Monique, Maggia Laurent, Carriconde Fabian. 2025. Unexpected microbial diversity in new Caledonia's ultramafic ecosystems with conservation implications in a biodiversity hotspot. Scientific Reports, 15:11564, 16 p.

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94915-0

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Url - jeu de données - Entrepôt autre : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/biosample/SAMN05786746/ / Url - jeu de données - Entrepôt autre : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/biosample/?term=SAMN05786777

Résumé : Soils harbour an incredible diversity of microorganisms that play crucial roles in ecosystem functioning. However, this biodiversity remains largely overlooked, with a poor understanding of how patterns form across landscapes. An eDNA metabarcoding approach was used to identify potential overarching patterns in fungal and bacterial communities from ultramafic ecosystems in New Caledonia, a renowned biodiversity hotspot. Our comprehensive analysis revealed several key findings, notably an important microbial diversity in the extreme environments of iron crust soils. Clear tendencies in phyla composition were also observed, with the fungal groups Ascomycota and Mucoromycota acting as potential indicators of land degradation (only in lateritic soils for Mucoromycota). For bacteria, Chloroflexi was characteristic of open vegetation, while Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria were observed in higher relative abundances in the closed vegetation. The ectomycorrhizal fungal functional group was also found to be rich and unique, with a hypothetical endemism rate of 87%, and over-represented by the Cortinarius genus in rainforests and maquis (shrublands) dominated by ectomycorrhizal plants. Finally, each ultramafic Massif demonstrated a unique microbial community. Thus, our findings provide valuable insights into microbial ecology and emphasize the need for tailored conservation strategies for this biodiversity hotspot.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : biodiversité, conservation des sols, écologie microbienne, micro-organisme du sol, distribution géographique, Cortinarius, conservation de la diversité biologique, Ascomycota, sol

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : Nouvelle-Calédonie, France

Mots-clés libres : EDNA metabarcoding, Soil microbial communities, Ultramafic ecosystems, Biodiversity hotspot, Unique microbial diversity, Conservation

Agences de financement hors UE : Société Le Nickel, Centre National de Recherche Technologique

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