The oil palm "mantled" somaclonal variation: A model for epigenetic studies in higher plants

Rival Alain, Jaligot Estelle, Beulé Thierry, Tregear James, Finnegan Jean. 2009. The oil palm "mantled" somaclonal variation: A model for epigenetic studies in higher plants. In : Proceedings of the Sixth international symposium on in vitro culture and horticultural breeding, Brisbane, Australia, August 24-28, 2008. Geijskes R. Jason (ed.), Lakshmanan Prakash (ed.), Taji Acram (ed.). ISHS. Louvain : ISHS [Belgique], 177-182. (Acta Horticulturae, 829) ISBN 978-90-6605-522-3 International Symposium on In Vitro Culture and Horticultural Breeding. 6, Brisbane, Australie, 24 Août 2008/28 Août 2008.

Résumé : Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene function that occur without a change in the DNA sequence. In plants, although epigenetic mechanisms help to protect cells from parasitic elements, this defense can complicate the genetic engineering process through transcriptional gene silencing. These phenomena have economic relevance in the case of somaclonal variation: a genetic and phenotypic variation among clonally propagated plants from a single donor genotype. In oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq), approximately 5% of somatic embryo-derived palms show abnormalities in their floral development. The "mantled" variant phenotype offers a very interesting model, because somaclonal variation alters the expression of genes coding, directly or indirectly for the flower structure and DNA hypomethylation has already been clearly demonstrated in somaclonal variants. Methylation sensitive DNA markers have been investigated using MSAP and MS-RFLP techniques and the three different classes of DNA methyltransferases have been studied comparatively in normal and variant material. Differential display and microarray approaches are currently developed in order to provide a range of putative candidate genes displaying expression which might be regulated through DNA methylation and/or chromatin remodeling. We have identified floral homeotic genes of the "MADS box" transcription factor family which are affected by the chain of events resulting in the "mantled" abnormality. Our aim is to describe specific molecular events which could be used for the development of markers of epigenetic instability in plants. These markers will be integrated in a strategy aimed at the identification of in vitro treatments which are prone to generate epigenetic variability in somatic embryogenesis-based micropropagation processes.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : Elaeis guineensis, variation somaclonale, génie génétique

Mots-clés complémentaires : Épigénétique

Classification Agris : F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes
F02 - Multiplication végétative des plantes

Auteurs et affiliations

• Rival Alain, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR DIAPC (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0001-6304-3268
• Jaligot Estelle, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR DIAPC (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0002-9252-5271
• Beulé Thierry, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR DIAPC (FRA)
• Tregear James, IRD (FRA)
• Finnegan Jean, CSIRO (AUS)

Source : Cirad - Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/547514/)

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