The 4C approach as a way to understand species interactions determining intercropping productivity

Justes Eric, Bedoussac Laurent, Dordas Christos, Frak Ela, Louarn Gaëtan, Boudsocq Simon, Journet Etienne-Pascal, Lithourgidis Anastasios, Pankou Chrysanthi, Zhang Chaochun, Carlsson Georg, Jensen Erik Steen, Watson Christine, Li Long. 2021. The 4C approach as a way to understand species interactions determining intercropping productivity. Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering, 13 p.

Résumé : Modern agriculture needs to develop transition pathways toward agroecological, resilient and sustainable farming systems. One key pathway for such agroecological intensification is the diversification of cropping systems using intercropping and notably cereal-grain legume mixtures. Such mixtures or intercrops have the potential to increase and stabilize yields and improve cereal grain protein concentration in comparison to sole crops. Species mixtures are complex and the 4C approach is both a pedagogical and scientific way to represent the combination of four joint effects of Competition, Complementarity, Cooperation, and Compensation as processes or effects occurring simultaneously and dynamically between species over the whole cropping cycle. Competition is when plants have fairly similar requirements for abiotic resources in space and time, the result of all processes that occur when one species has a greater ability to use limiting resources (e.g., nutrients, water, space, light) than others. Complementarity is when plants grown together have different requirements for abiotic resources in space, time or form. Cooperation is when the modification of the environment by one species is beneficial to the other(s). Compensation is when the failure of one species is compensated by the other(s) because they differ in their sensitivity to abiotic stress. The 4C approach allows to assess the performance of arable intercropping versus classical sole cropping through understanding the use of abiotic resources.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : système de culture, agroécologie, agroécosystème, culture intercalaire, compétition végétale, interactions biologiques, compétition interspécifique, culture en mélange, taux d'efficacité unité terre, facteurs abiotiques

Mots-clés complémentaires : transition agroécologique

Mots-clés libres : Compensation, Competition, Complementarity, Cooperation, Interspecific interactions, Land Equivalent Ratio, Light, Nutrients, Species mixtures, Water

Classification Agris : F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture
F40 - Écologie végétale

Champ stratégique Cirad : CTS 2 (2019-) - Transitions agroécologiques

Agences de financement européennes : European Commission

Programme de financement européen : H2020

Projets sur financement : (EU) Redesigning European cropping systems based on species MIXtures

Auteurs et affiliations

• Justes Eric, CIRAD-DG-Direction générale (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0001-7390-7058 - auteur correspondant
• Bedoussac Laurent, INRAE (FRA)
• Dordas Christos, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (GRC)
• Frak Ela, INRAE (FRA)
• Louarn Gaëtan, INRAE (FRA)
• Boudsocq Simon, INRAE (FRA)
• Journet Etienne-Pascal, Université de Toulouse (FRA)
• Lithourgidis Anastasios, INRAE (FRA)
• Pankou Chrysanthi, INRAE (FRA)
• Zhang Chaochun, CAU [China Agricultural University] (CHN)
• Carlsson Georg, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SWE)
• Jensen Erik Steen, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SWE)
• Watson Christine, SRUC (GBR)
• Li Long, CAU [China Agricultural University] (CHN)

Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/599020/)

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