Effects of companion crops and tillage on soil phosphorus in a Brazilian oxisol: A chemical and 31P NMR spectroscopy study

Eberhardt Diogo, Marchao Robélio, Quiquampoix Hervé, Le Guernevé Christine, Ramaroson Volaniaina, Sauvadet Marie, Muraoka Takashi, Becquer Thierry. 2021. Effects of companion crops and tillage on soil phosphorus in a Brazilian oxisol: A chemical and 31P NMR spectroscopy study. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 21 (2) : 1024-1037.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-020-02817-7

Article de revue ; Article de recherche ; Article de revue à facteur d'impact

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Quartile : Q2, Sujet : SOIL SCIENCE / Quartile : Q3, Sujet : ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Résumé : Purpose: Phosphorus (P) is often the main limiting factor for plant growth in highly weathered tropical soils. Phosphate use efficiency and crop yields could be increased in low-input agroecosystems through cropping systems that favor organic matter accumulation or regular additions of composts and manure. Our objective was to determine the amounts and forms of P according to companion crops (Brachiaria ruziziensis–a grass species–or Cajanus cajan–a leguminous species) and tillage systems (conventional or no-tillage). Materials and methods: Soil P pools were determined (Presin, POlsen, PNaOH-EDTA, and Ptotal) and P species were characterized by 31P NMR spectroscopy. Results and discussion: The concentrations of available and labile inorganic P (Presin, PiOlsen, and PiNaOH-EDTA) were greater in soil samples where companion crops (Brachiaria ruziziensis or Cajanus cajan) and maize were planted on the same row, with a more significant effect with the legume species. According to the 31P NMR, it is mostly the proportion and amount of POrthophosphate that was increased, with a slight increase of the content of PMonoester. Overall, there was a decrease of the proportion of organic P (PoNMR/PNMR) from 32 to 16% when the legume companion crop was associated with maize. Conclusions: The tillage systems did not lead to any change in the amounts and forms of P. Companion crops are thought to increase available P through mineralization of Po from plant residues and soil organic matter, leading to an increase of fluxes between active P pools.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : plante de culture associée, travail du sol, culture associée, ferralsol, spectroscopie, teneur en phosphore, agriculture de conservation, agroécosystème, Brachiaria ruziziensis, Cajanus cajan, Zea mays, rendement des cultures, augmentation de rendement, amélioration des cultures