Farmed animal production in tropical circular food systems

Oosting Simon J., van der Lee Jan, Verdegem Marc C.J., de Vries Marion, Vernooij Adriaan, Bonilla-Cedrez Camila, Kabir Kazi. 2022. Farmed animal production in tropical circular food systems. Food Security, 14 (1) : 273-292.

Quartile : Q1, Sujet : FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Résumé : In the discourse about the development of farmed animal production (terrestrial livestock production and aquaculture) in the tropics, two important food system outcomes emerge: (1) to supply animal-sourced food (ASF) at a level that suffices healthy future diets, including for poor people, and (2) to contribute to climate change mitigation and minimize pollution with nitrogen and phosphorus. Livestock production and aquaculture contribute to food security directly by increasing producers' food diversity and availability, but also that of urban consumers, and indirectly through income generation and increased farm resilience. Recently, circularity has come to the fore as an integrated approach to food system development. Circularity has four cornerstones: (1) food crops have highest priority (which implies no food-feed competition), (2) avoid losses, (3) recycle waste and (4) use animals to unlock biomass that humans cannot eat. In this review, the role of farmed animals in circular food systems in the tropics is presented in four case studies and the impacts of circularity on food security and environmental impact mitigation are discussed. The cases are ruminants in grazing systems in West Africa and in Colombia, fish in pond aquaculture in general, and land-limited dairy production in Indonesia. Additionally, options for novel protein sources for use in livestock and fish feeding are presented. It is concluded that farmed animals are important in circular food systems because of their use of land unsuited for crop production, their upgrading of crop residues, and their supply of manure to crop production. Nevertheless, the increasing demand for ASF puts pressure on important characteristics of circularity, such as minimizing food-feed competition, maximization of use of waste streams in feed, and the value of manure for fertilization. Hence, in line with conclusions for Western countries, maximum circularity and sustainability of food systems can only be achieved by optimizing the population size of animals. Thus, a sustainable contribution of ASF production to global food security is complex and in not only a technical matter or outcome of an economic process balancing supply and demand. It requires governance for which public, private, and social actors need to partner.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : sécurité alimentaire, production alimentaire, changement climatique, aquaculture, impact sur l'environnement, production animale, diversification, systèmes alimentaires

Mots-clés libres : Livestock production, Aquaculture, Climate change mitigation, Pollution, Farming systems

Champ stratégique Cirad : CTS 2 (2019-) - Transitions agroécologiques

Auteurs et affiliations

• Oosting Simon J., Wageningen University and Research Centre (NLD) - auteur correspondant
• van der Lee Jan, Wageningen University and Research Centre (NLD)
• Verdegem Marc C.J., Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences (NLD)
• de Vries Marion, Wageningen University and Research Centre (NLD)
• Vernooij Adriaan, Wageningen University and Research Centre (NLD)
• Bonilla-Cedrez Camila, CIAT (COL)
• Kabir Kazi, CIRAD-PERSYST-UMR ISEM (KHM) ORCID: 0000-0001-6545-1003

Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/603062/)

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