Cytogenotoxicity screening of urban and rural marshes: An integrated in vivo approach coupling fish and plant‐based tests adapted for low‐income countries

Pepey Elodie, Conejero Geneviève, Ndrianaivo Elia Njara, Verdeil Jean-Luc, Mortillaro Jean-Michel, Boggio David, Raliniaina Modestine, Pouil Simon. 2023. Cytogenotoxicity screening of urban and rural marshes: An integrated in vivo approach coupling fish and plant‐based tests adapted for low‐income countries. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 42 (6) : 1266-1275.

https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5605

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Résumé : Effects of anthropogenic activities such as urbanization, population growth, and agriculture on water quality are major concerns particularly in low-income countries where water quality monitoring can be challenging. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the cytogenotoxic potential of water from urban and rural Malagasy marshes, coupling a fish (Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus) and a plant (Allium cepa) species as bioindicators. The fish and plants were exposed for 72 h to water sampled in the two locations investigated. Using the comet assay on fish erythrocytes, DNA strand breaks were assessed, while mitotic index and nucleolar alterations were estimated in cells of the plant root apex. Comet assays revealed significant DNA strand breaks to fish erythrocytes in both the marshes investigated while the mitotic index and nucleolar characteristics in the roots of A. cepa mainly highlighted potential cytotoxicity in the urban marsh. Our results demonstrate the advantages of coupling in vivo biological test systems to screen potential cytogenotoxicity of surface water in low-income countries where comprehensive data sets of aquatic contaminants are often lacking.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : Allium cepa, contamination biologique, Oreochromis niloticus, pêche expérimentale, composition chimique, Tilapia, prairie marécageuse

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : Madagascar

Mots-clés libres : Cytogenotoxicity, Marshes, Madagascar, Oreochromis niloticus, Allium cepa, Aquatic contaminants, Water monitoring, Comet assay, Nucleolar alterations, Mitotic Index, DNA damages