Manipulation of meiotic recombination to hasten crop improvement

Fayos Ian, Frouin Julien, Meynard Donaldo, Vernet Aurore, Herbert Leo, Guiderdoni Emmanuel. 2022. Manipulation of meiotic recombination to hasten crop improvement. Biology, 11 (3), n.spéc. Crop Improvement Now and Beyond:369, 15 p.

https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11030369

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Résumé : Reciprocal (cross-overs = COs) and non-reciprocal (gene conversion) DNA exchanges between the parental chromosomes (the homologs) during meiotic recombination are, together with mutation, the drivers for the evolution and adaptation of species. In plant breeding, recombination combines alleles from genetically diverse accessions to generate new haplotypes on which selection can act. In recent years, a spectacular progress has been accomplished in the understanding of the mechanisms underlying meiotic recombination in both model and crop plants as well as in the modulation of meiotic recombination using different strategies. The latter includes the stimulation and redistribution of COs by either modifying environmental conditions (e.g., T°), harnessing particular genomic situations (e.g., triploidy in Brassicaceae), or inactivating/over-expressing meiotic genes, notably some involved in the DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathways. These tools could be particularly useful for shuffling diversity in pre-breeding generations. Furthermore, thanks to the site-specific properties of genome editing technologies the targeting of meiotic recombination at specific chromosomal regions nowadays appears an attainable goal. Directing COs at desired chromosomal positions would allow breaking linkage situations existing between favorable and unfavorable alleles, the so-called linkage drag, and accelerate genetic gain. This review surveys the recent achievements in the manipulation of meiotic recombination in plants that could be integrated into breeding schemes to meet the challenges of deploying crops that are more resilient to climate instability, resistant to pathogens and pests, and sparing in their input requirements.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : génie génétique, amélioration des cultures, amélioration des plantes, amélioration génétique, recombinaison, manipulation chromosomique, méiose

Mots-clés libres : Breeding, Crops, Engineering, Meiosis, Recombination

Classification Agris : F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes

Champ stratégique Cirad : CTS 2 (2019-) - Transitions agroécologiques

Agences de financement hors UE : Agence Nationale de la Recherche

Projets sur financement : (FRA) Les paysages à haute résolution lors de la recombinaison méiotique du riz

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