Multidisciplinary assessment of two organic banana production systems in Martinique

Coulis Mathieu, Sauvadet Marie, Falk Anaïs, Prochasson Alice, Tsoukas Lucas, Gervais Laurent, Normand Loïc, Rosalie Elisabeth, Achard Raphaël, Monsoreau Loïc, Telle Nelly, Mauriol Christiane, Birba Olivier, Ornem Georges, Aliker Maurice, Marville Eliane, Daribo Marie Odette, Sainte-Rose Jérôme Laurent, Dural David, Vincent Katharine, Vilna T., Hery M., Gibert Simon, De Lapeyre de Bellaire Luc, Guillermet Claire. 2023. Multidisciplinary assessment of two organic banana production systems in Martinique. In : Proceedings of the XII International Symposium on Banana: Celebrating Banana Organic Production. Ocimati W. (ed.), Lescot T. (ed.), Lehrer K. (ed.). ISHS. Louvain : ISHS, 35-45. (Acta Horticulturae, 1367) ISBN 978-94-6261-366-9 International Horticultural Congress (IHC 2022): International Symposium on Banana: Celebrating Banana Organic Production. 31, Angers, France, 14 Août 2022/20 Août 2022.

Résumé : A drastic reduction in pesticide use over the last 20 years in Martinique has been possible thanks to the deployment of banana in vitro plantlets, fallow rotations and cover crops, but this agroecological transition entails additional costs for growers. Certified organic production could provide access to higher prices, but technical challenges for organic production in humid zones need to be addressed. In 2018, the BANABIO research programme set up two organic systems: 1) a bio-intensive banana monoculture (BI), and 2) a bio-diversified banana-cocoa-legume service tree association (BD) compared with a conventional system (CO). This trial, set up in a complete randomized block design, was assessed by a panel of specialists who examined yield, nutritional status of the soil and bananas, soil biodiversity, pest and disease pressure, and production costs. The results after three harvests showed a 16% gross drop in yields under organic farming conditions. More specifically, the gross agronomic yield was 42.1 t ha-1 for the CO system, as opposed to 35.1 t ha-1 for the BI system. In addition, the cycle length was on average 6 weeks shorter in the CO system. Black Sigatoka pressure was more intense in the organic systems as indicated by the number of leaves at harvest averaging 2.1 in the CO system versus 1.4 in the BI system. Nonetheless, soil biological processes and biodiversity were promoted in the organic systems. Due to weed restitution, the BD and BI systems had higher levels of C returned to the soil and our results showed that soil carbon concentration and earthworm biomass increased by 13 and 230%, respectively. The organic systems entailed very high production costs (€ t-1) of around +37% when comparing the BI system with the CO system over the first three cycles. Mechanical weeding (cost × 2.4) and organic fertilizers (cost × 2.4) were the main reasons for increased expenditure. quantifying the increase in income that could be derived by the producer from selling organic bananas is still to be assessed but given the important extra cost linked to organic banana production, organic farming is likely to be unprofitable in the current regulatory and economic context of the French West Indies.

Mots-clés libres : Agroforestry, Banana, Conventional agriculture, French West Indies, Organic farming, Production costs

Projets sur financement : (FRA) DEPHY Expé, (FRA) Ecophyto, (FRA) Evaluation de systèmes de culture innovants de BANAne BIOlogique

Auteurs et affiliations

• Coulis Mathieu, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR GECO (MTQ) ORCID: 0000-0001-5895-8519
• Sauvadet Marie, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR GECO (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0002-7520-8565
• Falk Anaïs, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR GECO (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0001-9750-0922
• Prochasson Alice, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR GECO (SEN)
• Tsoukas Lucas, IT2 (MTQ)
• Gervais Laurent, IT2 (MTQ)
• Normand Loïc, IT2 (GLP)
• Rosalie Elisabeth, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR GECO (MTQ)
• Achard Raphaël, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR GECO (CIV)
• Monsoreau Loïc, IT2 (GLP)
• Telle Nelly, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR GECO (MTQ)
• Mauriol Christiane, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR GECO (MTQ)
• Birba Olivier, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR GECO (MTQ)
• Ornem Georges, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR GECO (MTQ)
• Aliker Maurice, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR GECO (MTQ)
• Marville Eliane, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR GECO (MTQ)
• Daribo Marie Odette, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR GECO (MTQ)
• Sainte-Rose Jérôme Laurent, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR GECO (MTQ)
• Dural David, IT2 (MTQ)
• Vincent Katharine, BANAMART (MTQ)
• Vilna T., Chambre d'agriculture de la Martinique (MTQ)
• Hery M., IT2 (MTQ)
• Gibert Simon, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR GECO (MTQ) ORCID: 0000-0001-9461-3585
• De Lapeyre de Bellaire Luc, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR GECO (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0003-1243-0887
• Guillermet Claire, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR GECO (MTQ)

Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/606223/)

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