Breeding of camels in Europe: Between continuity and innovation

Maitra Ahana, Iglesias Pastrana Carlos, Faye Bernard, Burger Pamela A., Ciani Elena. 2025. Breeding of camels in Europe: Between continuity and innovation. Applied Sciences, 15 (3):1644, 24 p.

Résumé : Camel breeding in Europe has undergone significant changes, intertwining historical continuity with modern innovation. Historically, dromedaries (Camelus dromedarius) and Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus), played essential roles in Roman logistics, medieval rituals, and agriculture, leaving archeological and cultural footprints across Europe. Following a decline during the Middle Ages, camels were largely confined to exotic collections. However, the past few decades have witnessed a resurgence in camel farming, primarily driven by tourism and the demand for camel milk, with an estimated 5000–6000 camels now present in Europe. Despite their adaptability to harsh climates and nutritional advantages, the sector faces challenges such as small population sizes, fragmented breeding efforts, and the absence of regulatory frameworks tailored to camels. Advances in genomic tools, including genome-wide association studies and SNP genotyping, have created opportunities for the genetic management of camels in Europe, yet also reveal concerns about low genetic diversity stemming from founder effects. Addressing these issues requires coordinated international efforts, standardized phenotype recording, and enhanced welfare guidelines. With climate change highlighting the resilience of camels to arid environments, their potential as sustainable livestock remains promising. This review underscores the balance between preserving the historical legacy of camels in Europe and fostering their integration into contemporary agricultural systems.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : dromadaire, santé animale, Camelidae, chameau, Camelus, changement climatique, lait de chamelle, maladie des animaux, amélioration des animaux, adaptation aux changements climatiques, amélioration génétique, chameau d'asie, certification

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : Europe, Espagne

Mots-clés libres : Camelus spp., History, Breeding systems, Regulatory frameworks, Genetic diversity

Agences de financement européennes : European Commission

Agences de financement hors UE : Agence Nationale de la Recherche

Projets sur financement : (FRA) Les systèmes d'élevage camelins : acteurs du développement économique durable des territoires nord sahariens par des stratégies innovantes de gestion des ressources naturelles et de commercialisation

Auteurs et affiliations

• Maitra Ahana, Universita degli studi di Bari (ITA)
• Iglesias Pastrana Carlos, Universita degli studi di Bari (ITA)
• Faye Bernard, CIRAD-ES-UMR SELMET (FRA)
• Burger Pamela A., Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology (AUT)
• Ciani Elena, Universita degli studi di Bari (ITA) - auteur correspondant

Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/611963/)

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