Extensive immune receptor repertoire diversity in disease-resistant rice landraces

Gladieux Pierre, van Oosterhout Cock, Fairhead Sebastian, Jouet Agathe, Ortiz Diana, Ravel Sébastien, Shrestha Ram-Krishna, Frouin Julien, He Xiahong, Zhu Youyong, Morel Jean-Benoit, Huang Huichuan, Kroj Thomas, Jones Jonathan D.G.. 2024. Extensive immune receptor repertoire diversity in disease-resistant rice landraces. Current Biology, 34 (17) : 3983-3995.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2024.07.061

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Liste HCERES des revues (en SHS) : oui

Thème(s) HCERES des revues (en SHS) : Anthropologie-Ethnologie; Psychologie-éthologie-ergonomie

Résumé : Plants have powerful defense mechanisms and extensive immune receptor repertoires, yet crop monocul- tures are prone to epidemic diseases. Rice (Oryza sativa) is susceptible to many diseases, such as rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae. Varietal resistance of rice to blast relies on intracellular nucleotide binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors that recognize specific pathogen molecules and trigger immune responses. In the Yuanyang terraces in southwest China, rice landraces rarely show severe losses to disease whereas commercial inbred lines show pronounced field susceptibility. Here, we investigate within-landrace NLR sequence diversity of nine rice landraces and eleven modern varieties using complexity reduction techniques. We find that NLRs display high sequence diversity in landraces, consistent with balancing selection, and that balancing selection at NLRs is more pervasive in landraces than modern varieties. Notably, modern varieties lack many ancient NLR haplotypes that are retained in some landraces. Our study emphasizes the value of standing genetic variation that is maintained in farmer landraces as a resource to make modern crops and agroecosystems less prone to disease. The conservation of landraces is, therefore, crucial for ensuring food security in the face of dynamic biotic and abiotic threats.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : Oryza sativa, génie génétique, variation génétique, variété, agroécosystème, variété indigène, Magnaporthe, génétique des populations, résistance génétique, résistance aux maladies, amélioration des plantes, immunité, polymorphisme génétique