The influence of long-term storage on the epiphytic microbiome of postharvest apples and on Penicillium expansum occurrence and patulin accumulation

Al Riachy Reem, Strub Caroline, Durand Noel, Chochois Vincent, Lopez-Lauri Félicie, Fontana Angélique, Schorr-Galindo Sabine. 2024. The influence of long-term storage on the epiphytic microbiome of postharvest apples and on Penicillium expansum occurrence and patulin accumulation. Toxins, 16 (2), n.spéc. Toxins: 15th Anniversary:102, 28 p.

https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16020102

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Résumé : Patulin is a secondary metabolite primarily synthesized by the fungus Penicillium expansum, which is responsible for blue mold disease on apples. The latter are highly susceptible to fungal infection in the postharvest stages. Apples destined to produce compotes are processed throughout the year, which implies that long periods of storage are required under controlled atmospheres. P. expansum is capable of infecting apples throughout the whole process, and patulin can be detected in the end-product. In the present study, 455 apples (organically and conventionally grown), destined to produce compotes, of the variety “Golden Delicious” were sampled at multiple postharvest steps. The apple samples were analyzed for their patulin content and P. expansum was quantified using real-time PCR. The patulin results showed no significant differences between the two cultivation techniques; however, two critical control points were identified: the long-term storage and the deck storage of apples at ambient temperature before transport. Additionally, alterations in the epiphytic microbiota of both fungi and bacteria throughout various steps were investigated through the application of a metabarcoding approach. The alpha and beta diversity analysis highlighted the effect of long-term storage, causing an increase in the bacterial and fungal diversity on apples, and showed significant differences in the microbial communities during the different postharvest steps. The different network analyses demonstrated intra-species relationships. Multiple pairs of fungal and bacterial competitive relationships were observed. Positive interactions were also observed between P. expansum and multiple fungal and bacterial species. These network analyses provide a basis for further fungal and bacterial interaction analyses for fruit disease biocontrol.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : patuline, flore microbienne, compote, Penicillium expansum, maladie postrécolte, mycotoxine, métabolite secondaire, Malus, Moisissure

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : France

Mots-clés libres : Apple, Patulin, Penicillium expansum, Epiphytic microbiota

Classification Agris : Q03 - Contamination et toxicologie alimentaires
Q02 - Traitement et conservation des produits alimentaires
J11 - Manutention, transport, stockage et conservation des produits d'origine végétale

Champ stratégique Cirad : CTS 4 (2019-) - Santé des plantes, des animaux et des écosystèmes

Agences de financement hors UE : Agence Nationale de la Recherche

Projets sur financement : (FRA) Réduction du risque patuline grâce à une gestion intégrée et durable de la production de pomme et de produits dérivés

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