Phylodynamic insights into global emergence and diversification of the tomato pathogen Xanthomonas hortorum pv. gardneri

Jibrin Mustafa O., Sharma Anuj, Mavian Carla N., Timilsina Sujan, Kaur Amandeep, Iruegas-Bocardo Fernanda, Potnis Neha, Minsavage Gerald V., Coutinho Teresa A., Creswell Tom, Egel Daniel S., Francis David M., Kebede Misrak, Miller Sally A., Montelongo María J., Nikolaeva Ekaterina, Pianzzola María J., Pruvost Olivier, Quezado-Duval Alice M., Ruhl Gail E., Shutt Vou M., Maynard Elizabeth, Maeso Diego C., Siri Maria Inés, Trueman Cheryl L., Salemi Marco, Vallad Gary E., Roberts Pamela D., Jones Jeffrey B., Goss Erica M.. 2024. Phylodynamic insights into global emergence and diversification of the tomato pathogen Xanthomonas hortorum pv. gardneri. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 37 (10) : 712-720.

http://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-04-24-0035-R

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Résumé : The emergence of plant pathogens is often associated with waves of unique evolutionary and epidemiological events. Xan- thomonas hortorum pv. gardneri is one of the major pathogens causing bacterial spot disease of tomatoes. After its first report in the 1950s, there were no formal reports on this pathogen un- til the 1990s, despite active global research on the pathogens that cause tomato and pepper bacterial spot disease. Given the recently documented global distribution of X. hortorum pv. gard- neri, our objective was to examine genomic diversification asso- ciated with its emergence. We sequenced the genomes of X. hortorum pv. gardneri strains collected in eight countries to examine global population structure and pathways of emergence using phylodynamic analysis. We found that strains isolated post-1990 group by region of collection and show minimal impact of re- combination on genetic variation. A period of rapid geographic expansion in X. hortorum pv. gardneri is associated with acquisi- tion of a large plasmid conferring copper tolerance by horizon- tal transfer and coincides with the burgeoning hybrid tomato seed industry through the 1980s. The ancestry of X. hortorum pv. gardneri is consistent with introduction to hybrid tomato seed production and dissemination during the rapid increase in trade of hybrid seeds.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : phylogénie, Xanthomonas, maladie bactérienne, épidémiologie, variation génétique, agent pathogène, diversification, recombinaison, surveillance épidémiologique, Solanum lycopersicum, génome, Sesamum indicum, pouvoir pathogène

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : Brésil, France

Mots-clés libres : Bacterial plant pathogen, Genome evolution, Phylodynamics

Agences de financement hors UE : U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Universidad de la República Uruguay, Ontario Tomato Research Institute

Projets sur financement : (CAN) Ontario Agrifood Innovation Alliance Project

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