Implications des interactions noyaux cytoplasmes et de l'allopolyploïdisation sur l'expression phénotypique et génomique chez les agrumes

Bassene Jean Baptiste. 2009. Implications des interactions noyaux cytoplasmes et de l'allopolyploïdisation sur l'expression phénotypique et génomique chez les agrumes. Corte : Université de Corse, 236 p. Thèse de doctorat : Biochimie et biologie moléculaire : Université de Corse

Titre anglais : Implications of nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions and allopolyploidization on phenotypic and genomic expression in citrus

Encadrement : Ollitrault, Patrick; Froelicher, Yann

Résumé : Somatic hybridization by protoplast fusion is an important tool of citrus improvement programs around the world and particularly those developed by CIRAD in Corsica. These strategies of ploidy manipulation raise new research questions regarding the phenotypic and genomic expression of polyploid citrus. The objective of this thesis is (i) to determine the impact of nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions on the phenotype of diploid somatic hybrids (cybrids), particularly on criteria of fruit quality, and (ii) to analyze the inheritance of phenotypic characters under allotetraploidization in relation with possible neoregulation of genomic expression. The approach is (i) molecular (nuclear and chloroplast SSR and mitochondrial PCR markers) and pomological description of two parents with very contrasting phenotypic characters (mandarin Willow leaf (WLM) and Eureka lemon (EUR)) and their somatic hybrids diploid and tetraploid; (ii) qualitative and quantitative analysis of compounds involved in fruit quality (sugars, organic acids, aromas and carotenoids) by HPLC; (iii) an analysis of expression of genes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of carotenoids by real-time PCR. This work is complemented by a global analysis of the transcriptome with a 20K cDNA microarray developed by the Citrus Functional Genomic Project in Spain. Analysis of nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes permitted to characterize a cybrid with nucleus and chloroplasts of lemon plus mitochondria of mandarin, and a tetraploid somatic hybrid resulting from the addition of the nuclear genomes of both parents combined with cytoplasmic organelles of mandarin. Morphological and biochemical characterization of the cybrid WLM + EUR 2x has shown that the interaction between lemon-nucleus and mandarin-mitochondria affects very slightly the phenotype. However, leaf transcriptome analysis of the cybrid shows an alteration of expression profile of nuclear genes involved in a wide range of metabolic process. For the somatic allotetraploid hybrid most phenotypic characters showed dominance of one of the parent. Thus, there is dominance of lemon for the establishment of carotenoids content in fruit flesh, in relation with regulation of expression of genes in carotenoids biosynthetic pathway. The microarray analysis shows a relatively high frequency of non additivity of genomic expression correlated with frequently observed dominance in morphological and biochemical analysis.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : Citrus, expression des gènes, phénotype, génotype, polyploïdie, alloploïdie, hybride somatique, cytoplasme, agrume, fruits, qualité, anatomie végétale, morphologie végétale, Transcription génique, amélioration des plantes, teneur en glucides, caroténoïde, composé aromatique, acide organique, composition chimique, héritabilité, PCR, Citrus limon, Citrus reticulata

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : Corse, France

Mots-clés complémentaires : Citrus deliciosa, Citrus limonia

Classification Agris : F02 - Multiplication végétative des plantes
F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes
F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement
Q04 - Composition des produits alimentaires
F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale
U30 - Méthodes de recherche

Champ stratégique Cirad : Axe 1 (2005-2013) - Intensification écologique

Auteurs et affiliations

• Bassene Jean Baptiste, CIRAD-BIOS-UPR Multiplication végétative (FRA)

Source : Cirad - Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/569229/)

Métriques

[ Page générée et mise en cache le 2024-01-28 ]