Content and distribution of cyanogenic compounds in cassava roots and leaves in association with physiological age

Ospina Maria Alejandra, Tran Thierry, Pizarro Monica, Luna Jorge, Salazar Sandra, Londoño Luis Fernando, Ceballos Hernan, Becerra López-Lavalle Luis Agusto, Dufour Dominique. 2024. Content and distribution of cyanogenic compounds in cassava roots and leaves in association with physiological age. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 9 p.

Résumé : Background: Cassava roots are widely consumed in tropical regions of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Although the protein, vitamin, carotenoid, and mineral content in the leaves makes them a nutritionally attractive option, their consumption is limited due to their high levels of cyanogenic compounds (CCs). In this study, the CC content in different parts of the plant (leaves, storage root cortex, and parenchyma) was assessed at harvest for 50 landrace genotypes representative of cassava diversity in Latin America. The changes in CC in leaves at different physiological ages (3, 6, 9, and 11 months after planting) were also investigated. Results: The average CC was higher in the cortex (804 ppm) and leaves (655 ppm) than in root parenchyma (305 ppm). Genotypes from different regions of Latin America, as identified by seven genetic diversity groups, differed significantly in CC levels. The Andean and Amazon groups had, respectively, the lowest (P = 0.0008) and highest (P < 0.0001) CC levels in all three parts of the plants. Cyanogenic compound concentrations were higher in leaves from young plants (P < 0.0001) and decreased with increasing physiological age. Conclusion: The results help to guide the selection of parental lines with low CC levels for breeding and to contribute to the expanded use of cassava and its by-products for food and feed. Cassava for fresh consumption, especially, requires varieties with low total CC content, especially in the root cortex and parenchyma. COL1108 (204, 213, and 174 ppm, respectively, in the parenchyma, cortex, and leaves) and PER297 (83, 238, and 299 ppm, respectively, in the parenchyma, cortex, and leaves) can fulfill this requirement.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : phytogénétique, composition chimique, glycoside cyanogène, Manihot esculenta, composition biochimique, génotype, phylogénie, manioc, valeur nutritive, feuille, physiologie végétale

Mots-clés libres : Cassava Roots, Cassava leaves, Cyanide, Cyanogenic glycosides, Physiological age

Classification Agris : F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes
Q04 - Composition des produits alimentaires

Champ stratégique Cirad : CTS 2 (2019-) - Transitions agroécologiques

Agences de financement hors UE : Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement

Projets sur financement : (FRA) Breeding RTB Products for End User Preferences

Auteurs et affiliations

• Ospina Maria Alejandra, CIAT (COL) - auteur correspondant
• Tran Thierry, CIRAD-PERSYST-UMR Qualisud (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0002-9557-3340 - auteur correspondant
• Pizarro Monica, CIAT (COL)
• Luna Jorge, CIAT (COL)
• Salazar Sandra, CIAT (COL)
• Londoño Luis Fernando, CIAT (COL)
• Ceballos Hernan, CIAT (COL)
• Becerra López-Lavalle Luis Agusto, CIAT (COL)
• Dufour Dominique, CIRAD-PERSYST-UMR Qualisud (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0002-7794-8671

Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/608647/)

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